The Information Technology Industry 2019

The term Information technology covers an ever-widening group of businesses and services that are associated with consumer technology. There are enterprises which are run by a single person that cater to the computer and software support and maintenance needs of the family computer market. These single enterprises are an important market segment, especially for people whose computers show problems and cant be taken to a service center. These are small networking enterprises offer their networking services to the offices, interconnecting the work stations at every employees desk. A networked office is a very important in todays work culture. This has happened because internet and email has become the main agent for communication. And instead of providing each terminal with internet connections it is more cost friendly to connect them with interoffice network and then give this network a common internet access. This network of computers now no longer need to have separate printers, scanners and other paraphernalia as these could be shared via the same network. The storage space of such an office also increases drastically as all the office files can now be stored at one server and can be accessed by all without any problem. .uce1f0f6caede27f99f4a865ce13469ad { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .uce1f0f6caede27f99f4a865ce13469ad:active, .uce1f0f6caede27f99f4a865ce13469ad:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .uce1f0f6caede27f99f4a865ce13469ad { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .uce1f0f6caede27f99f4a865ce13469ad .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .uce1f0f6caede27f99f4a865ce13469ad .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .uce1f0f6caede27f99f4a865ce13469ad:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ 10 Job Search Rules You Need to BreakThe major networking companies have developed their own hardwire systems to offer proprietary service for large and multinational conglomerates. Some companies have also created networks in urban centers; here they can acquire large business clients for networking and internet services. These major networking companies leave the consumer market to the large ISPs, like Earthlink or AOL, and give attention to business services. Next, there is a great scope in the software market. Organizations such as Oracle, Peoplesoft, and Siebel, have earned billions of dollars selling industry and commerce related software to mega corporations. Classy database systems from these software organizations and other similar ones provide businesses with the latest customer service management software. This is so designed as to create the best possible relationship with a business client and also maximize sales. Other software packages such as Accounting and business tracking software packages satisfy other important purposes in the corporate software world. .u2100490f12bb15686f347ebd3e45115a { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u2100490f12bb15686f347ebd3e45115a:active, .u2100490f12bb15686f347ebd3e45115a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u2100490f12bb15686f347ebd3e45115a { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u2100490f12bb15686f347ebd3e45115a .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u2100490f12bb15686f347ebd3e45115a .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u2100490f12bb15686f347ebd3e45115a:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Accounting Services for Small BusinessesThe above mentioned are a few examples of the kinds of organizations that have succeeded in the world of information technology. Making a career with an organization of information technology needs knowing the product they are offering, their marketplace and their competitors. Technical knowhow for some of these careers can be located through online training centers and colleges. An online training course offers certificates in various areas of IT industry. About nine online training programs are offered by the CDI College. These certificates focus on different specializations in the networking trade. Their program/developer division of CDI College has five courses of study focused on programming, especially for the web. You can earn a certification in any or all of these fields. A course in computer information systems and automated office technology is offered by Everest College. A technician certificate can be earned after the completion of a 9- to 18-month training program. .u7147235ec7e4119fb9dcf7d68bb981da { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u7147235ec7e4119fb9dcf7d68bb981da:active, .u7147235ec7e4119fb9dcf7d68bb981da:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u7147235ec7e4119fb9dcf7d68bb981da { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u7147235ec7e4119fb9dcf7d68bb981da .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u7147235ec7e4119fb9dcf7d68bb981da .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u7147235ec7e4119fb9dcf7d68bb981da:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Illinois Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus-Based Education in Illinois, The Inland EmpireOther schools such as Kaplan University, have courses for a variety of associates degrees in information technology. They also have IT bachelors degrees. The syllabus of Kaplans programs include: BSIT/Database, BSIT/Multimedia and Animation, BSIT/Networking, BSIT/Programming, BSIT/Web development. If you have the inclination for a career as a technician or as a expert in the IT industry, visit the job listings for the industry and see the educational requirements for the various positions. Especially the jobs which require a certification in IT, the requirement are regarding very specific certificates needed for some positions. Once you know the requirements you can concentrate on those particular courses which are very high in demand. Earn your certificates and prepare yourself for an exciting career. Related ArticlesComputer Science Related CareersWhat You Need to Know About Technology CareersHow to Find a Good Information Technology SchoolThe Academics of Information TechnologyThe Brilliance the Possibilities of E-Commerce MarketingTechnology Schools

Looking For Trans Wonderland By Noo Saro Wiwa - 2351 Words

Have you ever desired to return back to your childhood neighborhood? Might you wonder how much it’s changed since you were last there? If your answer is somewhere in the state of Kansas, it could possibly be argued. Might you perhaps change your mind if the place you grew up in was the country of Nigeria? Though it might sound exotic; a rowdy airport, littered streets, malfunctioning transportation and a possibility of access to water are just some of the matters you might come to expect on your vacation get-a-way. For some, it’s deemed to be the last tourist spot on many if any travelers bucket list. I have chosen to review the book Looking for Trans wonderland by Author Noo Saro-Wiwa, whom as a little girl briefly grew up in a modest home in Port Hartcourt, Nigeria, yet shortly thereafter found herself growing up midst the privileged in the upscale of England. Wiwa delights readers on a riveting journey of her hometown of Lagos, Nigeria in which she travels back to find that not much has changed, and perhaps gotten worse. None the less, she reinvents her country in her mind, recapturing a beauty in which she once lost out on in her adolescence. Initially attempting her best to distance herself of that a parallel universe from her current surroundings, it was only after the hanging death of her father, playwright and activist Ken Saro- Wiwa, that Noo did her best to brush off the ravages of her homeland to return to it much later. While additionally paying homage to her

European Union Dissertation Topics Integration, History, Framework Law Free Essays

1. Introduction This guide is designed to give suggestions and insights about possible topics related to the study of the European Union (EU). In general, the study of the EU can be separated in several areas – history, theory, economic integration, enlargement, law, policies, institutional framework and foreign relations. We will write a custom essay sample on European Union Dissertation Topics: Integration, History, Framework Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now This short guide has attempted to cover subjects of all of these areas, and to provide interesting and challenging titles for undergraduate as well as postgraduate students. In general, dissertation for EU studies can combine a variety of research methods, and the format may vary according to the research aims of your paper. A combination of primary and secondary sources is possible as well, which depends on the choice of your topic and your methodology. 2. Categories and suggested topics 2. 1 History of European Integration 2.1.1The Maastricht Treaty and the new challenges for the third pillar of the EU 2.1.2EU scepticism in Britain and its impact on EU integration 2.1.3The completion of the Single European Market – Who Won and Who Lost(the student can choose a country, or a group of countries to use as case study throughout the dissertation). 2.1.4 The Treaty of Lisbon and the new dimensions of EU institutional reform 2.2 Theories of European Integration 2.2.2 Intergovernmentalism versus federalism: the future of the EU as a regional policy-maker 2.2.3 Europeanization, European identity and its parameters: a comparative study of Greece and Portugal (or any other two countries, does not have to be a comparative study necessarily) 2.3 EU institutional framework 2.3.1 Battling the EU democratic deficit: Parliamentarization of the EU institutional framework 2.3.2 Voting and decision-making reforms of the Council of Ministers: Implications for the European foreign policy (or any other policy, for example the CAP, CFP) 2.3.3 The European Commission: problems of accountability and legitimacy 2.4 EU Policy-making 2.4.1 EU and contemporary challenges to environmental sustainability (here you can choose nuclear weapons or global warming) 2.4.2 Italian Migration in the European Economic Community and its domestic impact 2.4.3 The Reform of the CAP and the Single Farmers Scheme: Neo-liberalism re-examined 2.4.4 Common Fisheries Policy and the Problem of Conservation 2.4.5 The role of women in EU politics – a closer look at the institutions (explore how the EU institutional framework allows or discourages the participation of women). 2.5 EU Enlargement 2.5.1 The EU enlargement and the prospects of EU economic future – the German perspective (or any other country’s perspective, France and the UK would be interesting) 2.5.2 The impact of Turkey’s membership on the EU institutions 2.5.3 The Eastern Enlargement and EU immigration policy – the case of Romania and Bulgaria 2.5.4 Croatia in the EU: the political implications 2.6 EC law 2.6.1 National legislation versus EEC legislation – the transformation of EU law after the Van Gend End Loos case (or Costa versus ENEL) 2.7.2 The Factorame case and the issue of UK sovereignty 2.7 EU economic integration 2.7.1 European economic integration and its implications for the modern welfare state 2.7.2 The Greek Challenge for European Economic integration 2.7.3 The Eurozone – politically or economically challenged? 2.8 EU in international relations 2.8.1 The European Union in the post Cold War era: a transition to Common Foreign and Security Policy 2.8.2 The EU as a peace-maker: the EU intervention in the Democratic Republic of Congo 2.8.3 The Lisbon Treaty and is implications for EU foreign policy 2.8.4 Divergent concepts of power: comparison between EU and NATO’s stance in foreign affairs (the student can choose a particular conflict or issue, where both organizations have been involved). How to Structure an EU Dissertation For details on how to structure an EU dissertation, kindly check out the following posts: How to Structure a dissertation (chapters) How to structure a dissertation (chapters and subchapters) How to structure a dissertation research proposal How to cite European Union Dissertation Topics: Integration, History, Framework Law, Essays

Unit 2 repsonse of acute excerise free essay sample

An acute response of the musculoskeletal system during exercise includes an increase in blood supply. The short term effects on your muscles increases the temperature therefore there is more activation energy so chemical reactions are used by the musculoskeletal system and the metabolic activity increases. As the oxygen demand increases, more oxygenated blood needs to be supplied to the muscles so vasodilatation occurs so more blood can pass through the arteries. This affected me during the bleep test because vasodilation allows more oxygenated blood to travel to the actively respiring muscle tissues. Other acute responses which occur to the musculoskeletal system during exercise include an increase in muscle pliability. If your muscles get warmer because of the contraction temperature is going to rise this makes them more pliable and reduces the risk of injury. Pliability is the stretchiness of the muscles. There is also an increase in the synovial fluid at the joint. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 2 repsonse of acute excerise or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The short term effects of exercise on your muscle may result in the joints become less viscous because the fluid allows a larger range of movement and pliability. The musculoskeletal response has an effect on the flexibility of the muscles during and after exercise. During exercise I got 18 cm in the sit and reach test and post exercise was 17 cm this shows that exercise has an effect on muscle pliability during acute exercise. Muscle fibre micro tears During exercise your muscles are put under stress due to constant contractions this stress can then lead to tears in the muscle fibres, if the body has the correct nutrients during recovery periods the muscle can then repair itself and become stronger this can lead to a increase in muscular endurance. During acute exercise the energy system that is used within the first 10 seconds is the creatine phosphate system this for example a dancer would be able to stretch the muscles apart more and would be able to perform things such as splits. Exercise also causes our body to produce more synovial fluid which keeps are joints lubricated so the bones dont cause damage when rubbing against each other, this mainly happens in the knees but also in other joints enegery system Another effect on muscles is that they have increased blood flow allowing them to create more ATP in the muscle cells which thereby creates more energy for our muscles to use for exercise. Which is why our muscles warm up so much when exercising since so much warm blood gets pumped to our moving muscles which also create friction between the muscle fibers. This relates to why it is so important for athletes to warm up so they dont tear any muscles and can generate quicker and more accurate movements and also move in a wider range of movement and making our muscles more efficient. The main short term effect that happens to the cardiovascular system is our heart rate increases during exercise. Depending on how hard your working our heart rate will increase, if your exercising hard for long periods our heart rate will keep increasing until reaching a peak. Cardiovascular Another short term effect is that when we exercise our blood pressure increases since our heart pumps faster. Which then increases our flow rate which increases the speed at which blood is delivered to our muscles Vasodilation and vasoconstriction is what make the blood travel to were it is needed such as our muscles, lungs and hearts and away from were it is not needed such as inactive organs which makes the system more efficient Another short term effect is that the blood vessels in our skin dilate to let more blood come to the surface of our skin which helps keep ourselves cool during exercise, since exercise generates heat in our muscles. All types of exercise require energy but the amount needed depends on the intensity and duration. exercises such as 100M sprints need alot of energy for a short duration of time, but events like marathons require a medium, consistent energy supply for a long period of time, and all enegy is used to contract muscles. Energy comes from a few things. From our diet, mostly carbohydrates such as potatos or pasta, but also comes from the oxygen in the air we breath Energy Inside the cells in the muscles is an organelle called mitochondria which turns the oxygen into ATP which is then used as the fuel for energy. Creatine phosphate energy system This energy system is an instant energy and is used for exercises that require short bursts of hard energy like sprinting. The primary source of this system is ATP and is boosted by creatine. A supplement which is high in creatine is taken by professional runners such as Usain Bolt and creatine increases the energy his muscles can store at one moment, so when the ATP is running low creatine helps resupply the ATP, and more creatine means you would be able to sprint faster or lift heavier weights. When you use up all the creatine, you start to become fatigued and exhausted and start to slow down and move to the aerobic system. Lactic acid system be best for a 400M sprint, but it wouldnt be good for any long term events the energy comes from the breakdown of glucose and glycogen which produce ATP and no oxygen is used in this process so the body is working anaerobically. The system can put up with 60-90 seconds of high intensity work and can be done on this system. However the problem with this system is that it produces lactic acid which defuses into the blood and muscles. However if it doesnt defuse it builds up and can cause discomfort in the muscles and muscles dont contract properly and causes cramps, the easiest way to get rid of lactic acid is to exercise more and make sure you do a good cool down after exercise. Running on this system can cause fatigue and you will need to slow down and move to aerobic. Aerobic energy system Aerobic energy system This system is used in long distances of exercise as it uses oxygen which we have no shortage of and is constantly available it would be used in places such as marathons, as you are running at a steady pace for a long duration of time and dont require bursts of energy. during everyday exercise such as walking to work this system is used however this energy system is slow to produce energy so the body also breaks down any food and stored fat to help this energy system keep up with demands. When at a slow pace your body would use fat as the energy source and would brake it down with enzymes, but if you are on this system and speed up you will move on to your lactic acid system. There are a few short term effect of exercise on the respiratory system respiratory system] There are a few short term effect of exercise on the respiratory system, the most common being that when we exercise we breath more deeply and faster in order to take in more oxygen and release carbon dioxide which is called our tidal volume. On average at resting rates we take in around 15 breaths per minute, but when we exercise this increases. Another effect would be that the diaphragm muscles work harder and stretch further in order for the lungs to expand more and take more air in at once. as we exercise at a high capacity our breathing rate increases by a lot but each person has there own maximum breathing rate which is called VO2 maximum. So during exercise vital capacity increases to keep up with demands for energy being used by our muscles.

Evaluate the Strengths and Weaknesses of Reason as a Way of Knowing Essay Sample free essay sample

Reason is a priori. All worlds are born with it. It is a manner of cognizing as it is used in every country of cognition and in coaction with the other ways of cognizing. Unlike the deduction of the prescribed essay subject. ground is non a typical manner of cognizing. To state that is an simplism of the complexness of cognizing. Knowledge can merely be obtained through the inextricably linked ways of cognizing. Reason comes to us of course. For illustration. we intentionally choose to remember past experiences to use it to new and similar experiences. Most people value ground over the other ways of knowing. For illustration. North Americans have the â€Å"be reasonable† and â€Å"think before you act† parlances. and the Chinese have the â€Å"do non utilize emotions to act† parlance. Whenever I get angry or sad. those around me would remind me of those expressions. As can be inferred from the Chinese stating. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluate the Strengths and Weaknesses of Reason as a Way of Knowing Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page emotion as a manner of knowing is interpreted. at least by the Chinese. as the most undependable. Globally. emotion is mostly seen as the antonym of ground. The importance of ground alterations per individual. depending on academic background. philosophical traditions. civilization. gender. age and etcetera. However. this probe will try to measure the strengths and failings of ground as a manner of cognizing in art and natural scientific discipline. and compare it with emotion. In art. ground is a definite failing. With art and literature. you use imaginativeness and creativeness. Possibly a spot of ground is used to take which coloring material to utilize. but it does non let us to understand beauty. machination and enigma. which are cardinal to our being. The rich experience of art is lost. Without such things. advancement would likely non happen. and the current human race might still be in pre-stone age times. Art can non be understood with ground. â€Å"Artistic look. when effectual. frequently bypasses the human ground and entreaties straight to emotion. †This is why in classs such as English. when given a piece of poesy and asked to compose about for illustration. how the poet conveys intending through images and sounds. the first measure is to hold on its general tone. Rea son is non used to specify your first feeling. State that this verse form has a feeling of unhappiness. Emotion is the first and instantaneous manner of cognizing that is employed. Even when traveling through the verse form once more. emotion is required to pin-point the specific effects of the literary devices. Reason can non be used to experience ; hence as a manner of cognizing art. it is a failing. Conversely. logical thinking is indispensable to science. Processing information collected from an experiment requires a balanced attack of sing the information from multiple angles. which reflects proper and educated logical thinking. A general statement decision must be supported by current and reputable findings. The scientific method is based on this thought. Otherwise. the decision will non be accepted by the scientific community as scientific. In this instance. ground enhances the quality of scientific work and helps us progress. In this instance. ground serves as a regulative criterion. which acts as the anchor for scientific discipline and of which most within the community agree to. Nevertheless. there is ever a little opportunity that accepted theories are incorrect. Take clime alteration as an illustration. The bulk. for clear grounds. say that it is happening. but there are a few that disagree. To be strictly sensible is to non accept that clime alteration is a fact. even if probe after probe proves it to be. It is true that ground is indispensable and cardinal for human discourse and question. but we have monitor it. or else nil in scientific discipline would progress. This thought of ground being a faltering block to come on can be reinforced. Intuitive attack can speed up advancement. but to turn out or to confute the consequence by ground is a long procedure. Science would neer accept decisions that are emotional. intuitive and non sensible. In add-on. intuitiveness can be a superior manner of cognizing. A common illustration is the physician. A physician fresh out of medical school may analyze a patient several times because one set of symptoms could indicate to several different causes. Conversely. an experient physician may settle on one diagnosing instantly. In an exigency. this experient physician is valued for his â€Å"unreasonableness. † If the lupus erythematosus experienced physician was used. the patient coughing up blood abundantly would likely decease before a diagnosing was reached. Another illustration of ground non being an plus in scientific discipline would be when scientific discipline is turned into a religion. like eugenics. the â€Å"scientific† betterment of the human race. Until the reaching of the Nazis. eugenics was an recognized portion of scientific discipline. This turn on ground must be someway regulated. This turn on ground must be someway regulated. taking into the following comparing between ground and emotion as ways of cognizing. As stated antecedently. most civilizations view ground and emotion as antonyms. The velocity of emotional response is seen as inferior to the slower sound response. An case of this might be make up ones minding whether to walk out of a meeting because your thoughts are put down. or to remain and try to warrant your thought. Of class. the latter would be the better pick. However. in some instances. an emotional response may be the wiser pick. The authoritative yet strong and applicable illustration would be jumping back in the face of a unsafe state of affairs such as a stalker all of a sudden nearing you. However this may besides do us to leap to hasty decisions and onslaught back. when the stalker may merely be an old adult male have oning a big trench coat who has found something on the grass. Against popular belief. in some instances ground and emotio n complement each other ; one can steer the other. In concluding. one obtains informations to form and compare it with past experiences and cognition. In contrast. emotion is a reaction to perceptual experience. No categorizing and processing is needed. Therefore. ground is used to set up forms within human experiences. In this manner. you can cognize and categorise feelings ( i. e. â€Å"this is grief† ) . It besides allows us to cognize what others are experiencing and non to arouse them. assisting in mundane interactions between people. Sometimes. my logical thinking is based on my emotions. For illustration. I may experience truly ill of eating french friess and non go to a friend’s party. Another illustration of when emotion can steer ground is when I was make up ones minding which universities to use to. I will take the University of Hong Kong as an illustration. I chose it because of its location in my place of birth. to which I will ever hold an emotional fond regard of it being my place even though I moved to Canada when I was five. The chance of holding my relations near to me and of life in a fast-paced environment has attracted me. This was decidedly non a sensible pick. as I had no anterior research or cognition of the university or plan. Unfortunately. the Holocaust and the 1000000s killed service as a inexorable reminder of the effect of ground set by emotion. Propaganda deforms ground through emotion. and destroys the ability of people to believe for themselves. Such emotionally-charged logical thinking is terrorizing. as it causes people to make irrational workss. like commit race murder. However. this is non to state that ground nothingness of emotion is the manner to travel. Imagine a universe where useful reason dominated. The aged and the handicapped would go excessively dearly-won to maintain alive. felicity and fulfilment would non count and everyone would go the same. Truthfully. cipher wants to populate in those conditions. as it is imperfection that makes us human. Noted. concluding can steer emotions as good. An case would be when I received the voluntary agenda for December from church. I had made it clear to the coordinator that I would take that month away. in readying for test. However. I was still scheduled to function one Sunday. As a consequence. I was angry with the coordinator. But when I realized that there was merely no other pick. and that I was already scheduled merely one time alternatively of twice. my choler subsided. Reason must have up to its ain restrictions. This raises the inquiry of what is even meant by â€Å"reason† and â€Å"being sensible. † Reason can be thought of as a criterion that differs from individual to individual. To be sensible is to adhere to this criterion to some grade. knowing that it is impossible to ever run into outlooks. This is because one can non hold all the replies. and likewise one can non needfully reply to all his or her actions. With this in head. it is clear that since everyone’s perceptual experience of ground and attachment to their ain criterion differs. everyone’s construct of â€Å"being reasonable† besides differs. The people of Hitler’s Germany. Stalinist Russia and Maoist China. were all being sensible to their ain criterions. Reason should non be applied to understanding art. and when it is assorted with the emotions that shape art. we lose something cardinal to humanity. Reason is decidedly applied to science. but it needs to be suitably regulated so as non to impede the intuitive advancement of society. One method of modulating ground is through emotion. and frailty versa. It is of import to measure the strengths and failings of ground as a manner of cognizing. given the current times. Nuclear bombs have been created. and pollution is on the rise. These have to make with the naif belief that ground is plenty ; when it is non. WORKS CITED: Edwords. Frederick. â€Å"Humanism. Reason and the Arts. † Frederick Edwords.hypertext transfer protocol: //www. heathens. org/library/modern/fred_edwords/humart. hypertext markup language [ 1 ] . Frederick Edwords. â€Å"Humanism. Reason. and the Arts. † Frederick Edwords. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. heathens. org/library/modern/fred_edwords/humart. hypertext markup language ( accessed February 24. 2009 ) .

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Essays - Design Of Experiments

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Essays - Design Of Experiments MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION QUANTITATIVE DECISION MAKING (ECON 6130) GROUP PROJECT: "RESEARCH COMPETENCY OF POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS ACROSS 3 DIFFERENT FACULTIES" INSTRUCTOR: PROF. DR. RAFIKUL ISLAM GROUP MEMBERS: AMIR QAYYUM BIN CHE NORDDIN G1337179 BASREE KARING G1339553 NASRUL IZAD MOHD ISA G1337159 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ...... 3 Problem Statement 3 Research Questions....3 Significance of the Study ..3 Instruments ... 3 Methodology and Data . 5 Test Analysis 5 SPSS Data Input (Coding) 5 Data View and Variable View ..8 Test Result 22 Frequency.. 23 Result and Discussion .31 ANOVA Test 32 Discussion and Recommendation 40 Appendix - Questionnaire 41 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem Statement The advancement of technology and development in today's world is highly related with intensive research that have been produced. Generally, the high quality research that being produced is highly depending on the research competency of the researchers. Thus, research competency is vital factor in producing good research. However the research competency that being equipped by the researchers is depending on how they are being trained (to do research). Thus, the study on difference research competency of student between different faculty and school is essential in order to signal that different curricular structures that being offered by faculties will affect the research competency of students The purpose of this project paper is to study is there any differences in research competency of students between different faculty and school. 1.2 Research Questions Based on the problem statement, there are several research questions that can be derived: To study is there any differences in literature review research skill competency. To study is there any differences in framing research question's skill. To study is there any differences in capability of developing instruments. To study is there any differences in data collection skill. To study is there any differences in data analysis skill. 1.3 Significant of study This research paper is significant to be conducted because it can help the school of faculty to identify the weaknesses of the curricular structures especially in enhancing research competency among student. Plus, it will signal the necessity to conduct unified research methodology course across faculty and school (in the scope of International Islamic University Malaysia). 1.4 Instruments The instruments that being used in data collection process is questionnaire . The procedure of distributing this questionnaire; questionnaire is distributed to 25 Post graduate students of 3 faculties which are Kulliyah of economics and management sciences (KENMS), Kulliyah of Information and Communication Technology (KICT), and Graduate School of Management (GSM). The question that being constructed with the purpose to gain several information from respondents. On the first two parts of questionnaire, the demographic information about respondents such as gender, age, marital status, and monthly expenditures. In the general information part, the information about; the Kulliyah of the respondents, is the respondents scholarship recipient or not, and is the student doing full thesis or coursework. On the next five parts of questionnaire, the research competency variables; literatures review, research question, instruments, data collection, and data analysis being asked to respondents. This variables are depending upon which faculty are they from. The respondents being asked to rate their agreement of the questions (5 - strongly agree, 4 - agree, 3 - Nether agree nor disagree, 2 - disagree, 1 - strongly disagree). For the analysis purpose, we choose to use analysis of variances (ANOVA test) to determine is there any differences of research competency among students across 3 different faculties. METHODOLOGY AND DATA Test Analysis In order to make the data collected reliable, reliability test need to be performed in order to ensure the consistency of the data collected. By using SPSS Software, we can identify the data collected is reliable or not , through Cronbach's alpha reliability test. The result of Cronbach's alpha reliability test, when running onto the data that have been collected, is 0.858. It means that the data collected (response from research's participants) were reliable enough, for the research to be continue to the next step (e.g. Analysis) . In the test analysis stage, Five variables that being focal point in this research, will be tested through dependent variables that have been identified; which refers to the postgraduates students from three different faculty; Kuliyyah of Economics

Designing a performance appraisal system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Designing a performance appraisal system - Essay Example While the exact nature of the goals may vary, some of the determined objectives would usually pertain to achieving a certain amount in sales, revenues and profits. There should also be measures in place to monitor and control the effectiveness and efficiency of every department. A performance appraisal system is one such management tool that would control the activities of managers, supervisors and subordinates throughout the entire organization. The task of creating and maintaining a performance appraisal system is usually one of the key tasks of the Human Resources Department and is also connected to the performance rewards and compensation system of the enterprise. Assumptions In the given scenario, I am working as an Occupational Psychologist and have been approached by a medium-sized organization called Select. The Managing Director has identified a need for a new performance appraisal system for senior and middle managers only, and he wants me to put together a proposal of how I would get this task done. The organization has 10 senior managers, 50 middle managers and 400 employees. The appraisal system will be conducted twice a year. Last appraisals using the current system were conducted one month ago. Competency frameworks are already available for the roles of senior and middle managers. ... Every organization no matter how big or small usually has a recap at least once a year in which it takes account of how well each department, division and how it as a whole has performed in terms of revenues, profits, market share, shareholder value or whatever other measure management deems as necessary and important to gauge performance (Brown, 2001). The truth is that we never know how well or badly we are doing at a certain task until we develop a measurement for it. A performance appraisal system enables us to measure how each employee, supervisor or manager is doing in the attainment of his or her objectives. In such a system, individual goals contribute to departmental goals, which in turn contribute to the overall goals of the enterprise. A performance appraisal or management system is a diverse, well thought out process that seeks to elicit cooperation from the workers in the pursuit and attainment of organizational goals, by using rewards like bonuses, increments and stock options for good performance and punishments or warnings for bad performance. In this way the manager or supervisor evaluates and lets the worker know how he or she is doing on the job (Fletcher, 2004). It has been observed that there are both positive and negative feelings about the initiation of a performance appraisal system in an organization. Employees who are not performing up to the mark and who are warned about their lackluster performance are likely to view the performance appraisal system as a nuisance and react negatively to attempts to correct undesirable behavior and put them back on track. On the other hand, employees who are exhibiting all the positive traits and performance are rewarded for their good behavior and are likely to treat the performance appraisal system as a

MARKET COMMUNICATIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

MARKET COMMUNICATIONS - Essay Example What platform should be used by them in order to market their products and services more effectively covering huge masses all around the globe? The companies also aim to find such marketing tools which are personal and closer to their customers’ needs and preferences. Information Search This step involves the searching phase in order to obtain the latest information regarding the most effective personal marketing tool. Different tools are used by the companies to advertise themselves. TV and commercial ads are considered as one way marketing in which the customer’s feedback cannot be obtained. In this way, the current trend of bidirectional marketing is on its move such that most of the companies are using social networking sites for this purpose. These companies not only post their marketing messages through the banner ads but also create their communities to interact with their customers, and other fans of their products. Evaluation of Alternatives After the gathering of information regarding the social network sites, the next step is to evaluate these sites as to which site fulfill the advertising requirement of those companies. Social networking sites including Facebook, twitter, MySpace etc are the most popular sites which are mostly used by the companies to advertise themselves. ... In this way, these companies tend to focus more towards Facebook as Facebook has the most number of active users as compared to other social networking sites. Buying This step is the actual buying activity in which these companies pay the Facebook for their banner ads to be put in to the Facebook pages. Facebook provides those companies a unique offer such that these companies can target their customers who are within the geographical and demographic boundaries of those companies. For instance, Facebook ensures that only those users should watch those banner ads which are used to target them by these companies rather than posting those banners on the profiles of those users who cannot be catered by those companies by any means. Post Buying Decision In the post buying stage, these advertising companies keep evaluating as what actually is feedback of the customers who being attracted by the Facebook platform. These evaluations can be performed by the activities of the users on the comm unity pages created by these companies. Customer’s feedbacks and likings would certainly lead to the judgment as how effectively the marketing messages are conveyed to the customers as a primary basis. Increase in sales and revenue growth of these companies, would eventually conform the expectations of these companies as to what extent the companies remained successful in terms of their marketing efforts. Factors affecting Facebook Customers External Factors Four external forces can influence Facebook customers might be: 1. Government interventions in respect of utilizing Facebook as a medium of marketing tool 2. Emergence of other better social networking site with more enhanced

MYOB-analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MYOB-analysis - Essay Example The past three years’ accounts should be provided as a minimum, to enable a full financial assessment that reveals trading patterns and trends in the areas of liquidity, profitability, the speed of debtor and creditor payments, sales and their associated costs, as well as expenses and owner’s drawings. Information providing the reasons for the proposed expansion of the business and why a partnership approach has been chosen, rather than, say, a bank or other loan. The proposal as it stands seems to allow Chris Wren to take advantage of the increased capital base provided by a partner’s investment, without giving them any say in how the business is run or allowing them to get involved. He wants more supporting funds, and he wants to continue running the business as he has been doing for the past few years, which may not be the best way to do it. If the new partner is not to undertake any work, who will be doing the extra work that an expansion should be aiming to acquire? There are no projections for increases in sales or the associated increased cost of sales and supporting expenses. There is no business plan at all and a basic plan should be in place at the moment to provide an objective for the business to achieve. If there is no plan, then what precisely is the investment needed for? What’s in it for the potential investor, specifically? What sort of profit levels will be generated by the expanded business and what rate of return does this represent? How does this compare with other businesses in the same sector, or a basic bank savings account or perhaps a managed stock market investment plan? Why is this a good idea for the investor? Important information that cannot be provided in numbers is missing, such as the business reputation and skill and experience of staff. Non-financial information, such as firm location, supplier and customer relationships and business

Application On Blood Donation Using Android Platform

Application On Blood Donation Using Android Platform Android powers hundreds of millions of mobile devices in more than 190 countries around the world. Its the largest installed base of any mobile platform and growing fast-every day another million users power up their Android devices for the first time and start looking for apps, games, and other digital content. Android gives you a world-class platform for creating apps and games for Android users everywhere, as well as an open marketplace for distributing to them instantly. Android is revolutionizing the global cell phone market. Its the first open source mobile application platform. Android is a Linux based operating system designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet computers ,which Google backed financially and later brought in 2005, in collaboration with the open handset alliance. Android is an open source market where user can develop any application and get it publicized in the market. Android market is having approximately 4, 50,000 apps but there is no application available in the android market which motivates the public regarding blood donation. There are many factors that have allowed Android to become the worlds most widely used Smartphone platform, overtaking Sembilan in the fourth quarter of 2010, and the software of choice for technology companies who require a low-cost, customizable, lightweight operating system for high tech devices without developing one from scratch. As a result, despite being primarily designed for phones and tablets, it has seen additional applications on televisions, games consoles and other electronics. Androids open nature has further encouraged a large community of developers and enthusiasts to use the open source code as a foundation for community-driven projects, which add new features for advanced users or bring Android to devices which were officially released running other operating systems. In this paper we propose algorithm which mainly aims at developing an android application which motivates the youngsters for donating blood and check whether they are eligible for donating or not. This application will serve as an effective tool for creating awareness in public. . Furthermore, we will try to demonstrate with an application that might be used by the people using android phones. Objectives By developing this application, we want to create awareness among the android users and motivate them to help the needful. This application will help the user in all the possible ways helpful in blood donation. Detailed problem Definition After a long research we found that there are no apps in the Google play store which motivates the public in donating blood and clearing there misconceptions. We found out that there is a requirement of an application which is helpful for people in many ways. As we all know that donating blood is a good deed but due to some misconceptions people hesitate in donating blood. By going through the applications already available, we found out that all the applications are lacking the feature of connecting the people who are interested in either donating the blood or they urgently require the blood. The main feature of our application is connectivity provided by us. The donors and receivers can contact to each other depending on their needs. Sometimes in urgency u may have thought of any platform from where we can get the details of hospitals, blood banks, important contact numbers and contact numbers of social organizations but we fail to get such an application or platform. We found out that there are apps on internet but they are lacking some of utilities which we had developed in our application. Solution Methodology Registering Donors The one who would be using this application is requested to register for the cause. The process of registration is simple no complex interface is used for the same, everyone is welcome for registration. Even a person can register for other person. The following fields for registration: Name Contact Number Gender Blood Group Last Date of Donation Regular Donor/not Email Address It creates a hub of donors who are available of android. People who are under age are also welcome for registration for prospective donation. The Process and fields are made simple or possible so that the user should not feel hectic while providing the details. Database The secondary utility of this application is to provide the user the details of various hospitals and blood banks. Irrespective of the application usage, if user wants the contact of hospital or blood bank he can easily get. Efforts are made to provide the nearest hospital and blood bank details with assistance of GPS technology Bulk Messaging For Camps. As we know social organizations and NGOs come in front for organizing blood donation camps at various places with this application we provide another platform for broadcasting about the event. For this cause, the NGOs can contact using email or Face book page which is also is also administrated. About checking the genuine news of the event the registered donor will be send a message automatically. Even if the user is not under donation period he can spread the news to his friends or relatives regarding the blood donation camp. Motivation and clearing the misconceptions related to blood donation Our application contains videos and photo albums which plays a very important role in motivating the public. The videos contain motivational quotes and phrases. For clearing the doubts and confusions of the users regarding blood donation, we have created a FAQ section in which all the important questions are displayed. We had also introduced ask questions by using this user can ask questions. Working User Interface of this application asks the user to choose an option by displaying an option menu. Menu includes the various tabs namely registering donors tab, direct link to some hospitals, motivational videos, and social networking links. A very special thing about this application is that it includes FAQs (Frequently asked questions) section which is fastest way to clear the doubts of the users. Addition to that, application includes another option through which user can raise his personal questions; the question will be replied by the application administrator at earliest so that the dignity of application is maintained. The interface of the application is made as simple as possible so that even a new user can get familiar to it and use it to full extent. The On-device view icon of the application looks like: When the user click the application icon then the second page opens displaying various menu options. On clicking the first option of the menu that is ABOUT. The following page opens and it contains the details regarding the application. When the user clicks the registration menu option the following page is displayed which registers the users and save all the details. When the user clicks on the option CMC Hospital it redirected to the CMCs Blood Bank Homepage. Motivation videos Option open the following page which contains some motivational videos. If the User will have any queries regarding our application and its working he can contact the developer/Administrator. Conclusion This application will help the android users to get information about blood donation. The need of blood donation and all the queries related to that. We had focused on the productivity of the application by maintaining a database of the donors containing their contact numbers and email ids so that we can make the most of it. We had designed the application in such a way that it helps the user in all possible ways when he or she needs help. If time will permit we will add more features and improve the productivity of the application. Referential Web Wikipedia http://www.wikipedia.org/ Google http://www.google.co.in/ Android.com http://developer.android.com/guide/components/index.html

Free Hamlet Essays: Conflict of Will :: The Tragedy of Hamlet Essays

The conflict of the will and the feelings of an individual opposed to the will and the feelings of the majority, is a major conflict in the play Hamlet, and one which is experienced by many of the characters. Characters like Hamlet, Ophelia, Laertes, and Fortinbras are shown as having been opposing or having conflicting feelings with the majority of people in their society. The main conflict in the play is the one between Hamlet and King Claudius, which in a way symbolizes Hamlet's conflict with the society around him. King Claudius, as the new ruler of Denmark is the man who sets the rules, and the one after whom the aristocratic society models. Since becoming king and marrying Hamlets mother Gertrude, Claudius becomes the person who is looked up at by the rest of the people, and the person whose actions show the society around him how to live their lifestyle and what's accepted and not accepted in his kingdom. Meanwhile Hamlet, who is still mourning for the death of his father, while the rest of the people celebrate the wedding and the coronation of Claudius, is left in the shadows. Hamlet doesn't join the festivities and celebration because in his eyes the quick marriage and coronation are inappropriate at the time of mourning of the death of his father. This is the first aspect the reader sees of Hamlet acting opposite to what the society is doing. Throughout the middle of the play Hamlet is also going against society, but not the society itself, but against the set rules and values of the society. Hamlet starts acting as if mad, and says things that offend everyone around him. But not only his remarks and actions demonstrate his opposition to the society surrounding him. When Hamlet wants to kill Claudius and avenge his father, he is not looking for sole act of revenge, but he is pursuing his goal as one of rightness, truthfulness and honor. Hamlet has a different set of values, even though he may want to achieve the same goal as some of the other characters in the play his values prevent him to act until he feels confident enough that what he is doing is right. This is why Hamlet passes his chance to murder Claudius during confession even though he has a clear shot at his life. Hamlet's values, which at first prevent him from killing Claudius in the chapel, ironically lead him to kill Polonius.

Student Information System

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all we would like to thank program director Mr. Satya Bahadur Shrestha and our subject teacher Mr. Keshav Poudel for providing us with an opportunity to do our project work on â€Å"Student Information System† as part of our syllabus. We are heartily indebted to our subject teacher Mr. Keshav Poudel for his constant support and guidance throughout this project. It was his valuable suggestions that helped us to cope up with emerging obstacles during the development of this project. Group Members Ashish Shahi Sanjay Maharjan Sulashyana Shrestha TABLE OF CONTENTTable of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 2. 1. Introduction about the Project 2. 2. Objectives 2. 3. Scope of the Project 2. SYSTEM STUDY 3. 4. Existing System 3. 5. Disadvantage 3. 6. Proposed System 3. 7. Advantage of the Proposed System 3. 8. Problem Definition and Description 3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 4. 9. Package Selected 4. 10. Resources Required 4. 11. Feasibility Study 4. 12. 1. Operational Feasibility 4. 12. 2. Technical Feasibility 4. 12. 3. Economic Feasibility 4. 12. Functional Requirement 4. 13. Non Functional Requirement 4. 14. Use Case 4. 15. Sequence Diagram 4. 16. Project Scheduling . SYSTEM DESIGN 5. 17. Process Diagram 5. 18. Entity Relationship 5. TESTING 6. 19. Testing 6. 20. 4. Unit Testing 6. 20. 5. Integration Testing 6. 20. 6. System Testing 6. CONCLUSION 7. 20. Summary of the Project 7. 21. Future Work INTRODUCTION Introduction about the Project Nowadays technology has reached its highest level and is in the phase of developing more with the new innovations. Student’s Information System (SIS) is an important aspect of any educational institute. The information about the student’s overall performance is important as to generate student’s progress report.Still different colleges record student’s performance report on the paper. Although records can be recorded on the paper manually, but this process is time consuming activity. With the a dvancement of technology, computerized techniques are more useful and consume less time compared to paper work. Hence computerized techniques should be used in colleges to record and access student’s data which is more effective and efficient to use. The Student Information System is aimed to computerize the record keeping system as to make the job easier for the college administrators. 1. 2 ObjectivesThe main objective of this project is to develop software that helps in easy access of the information about the student, their overall performance in one click. Our system is focused to make a web based SIS which makes the work of measuring student’s performance easier and efficient. The main intention is to provide a system with suitable efficiency and accuracy while maintaining its main objective to access student’s performance report. * Ensures that end users have input the design process. * Accomplish project goals and objective within defined budget and time parameters. To implement a computer based program as to make the work effective and efficient. Scope of the Project As discussed above this project is based on developing software that is capable of finding student’s performance report. The system will be able to show student’s performance report. This system will help to reduce the effort to record the entire student’s performance data in files. This system will save time and increase efficiency. This project is purely based on the research and along with the study and requirement of this project in academic field. 2. SYSTEM STUDY 2. 1 Existing SystemThe existing system of managing SIS in the college is based on the file recording system. The recording method of this system is totally based on file system and the data about the students are recorded in a file and to search the performance graph about a student the files are to be searched according to the student’s semester. 2. 2 Disadvantage The existin g system is very time consuming and is not effective as it is based on the file recording system. To search one student’s report all the existing files are to be searched. Modification and updating process is hazard, which is time consuming and inefficient. . 3 Proposed System The system we are about to make is a web based system dealing with the Student Information System. Particularly it is based on the activities related to the recording and accessing the student’s performance report. The proposed system is a computerized system which will be much more effective than the filing system. 2. 4 Advantage of the Proposed System As the system is a computerized system, it will reduce the effort to record the student’s progress report on the files. It will also save time in recording, managing and accessing the student’s data. 2. 5 Problem Definition and DescriptionIn any academic institute student’s information is an important aspect as it is related t o the institute and the student studying in it. The student’s information about their overall performance in their academic career is essential and it is to be recorded in a proper way, so that the necessary information can be access when required. Our system Student Information System (SIS) is focused make a computerized system that records the student’s performance information. The main intention is to provide a system with suitable efficiency and accuracy while recording, managing and accessing the recorded data along with appropriate speed. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 3. 1 Packages Selected The package used in the development of our system is Java Net Bin. 3. 2 Resources Required 3. 2. 1 Hardware Requirement Hardware: PC compatible with a Intel Pentium- III processor RAM: 1-GB RAM Hard disk: 20-GB 3. 2. 2 Software Requirement Operating System: Windows 2000 Professional Software: jdk 1. 7. 0_02, jre 7 Front End: Java Back End: MySQL 3. 3 Feasibility Study We made our estimation on whether the system is able to satisfy the user’s need using the software/hardware technologies being used in the developing the system.We made our study on the basis of cost effectiveness of the proposed system from the business point of view. Considering the time and cost the feasibility study were made and further detailed analysis was done. The study is based on the following: * Whether the system contributed to the main objective of the project * Whether the system can be engineered using current technology and within budget and schedule constraints. 3. 3. 1 Operational feasibility We made our study on the basis of the operational factors of the system. Our system is feasible on the operational environment as well.The users who are going to operate on this system will able to understand the system and can use it easily by some training. 3. 3. 2 Technical feasibility The hardware and software used in this system are easily available in the current technical environment so it is easy to use and feasible with our system. Due to technical feasibility further changes can be performed easily. 3. 3. 3 Economic Feasibility Our system is economically feasible as it is under our budgetary constraints. This system is cost effective because * The tools and technologies used for this system are free for non commercial use. This system provides quality of information and the ease of access to the information required. The system can prove effective and efficient and can establish itself as valuable assets for the one who implements it. 3. 4 Functional Requirement The system provides a web base where a large number of pages are crawled for a particular domain and are stored. The statement of services that our system provides as the systems functional requirements are as follows * The administrator would be able to insert, delete, modify and update the records based on student’s the performance. The system would be able to display all the recorded perfor mance information about the student. 3. 5 Non-Functional Requirements * Usability Our system will provide the web interface to the end users with the optimum user- friendliness so that they can get accustomed while operating the system. * Reliability The system developed will be able to meet the expectations of the user as well as, it would be reliable to matchup with the existing products * Performance Our system shall return the matched documents from its web base within considerable amount of time. Security Our system provides a web interface, so in order to make the system secure, any user needs to get authenticated. This would help the system be free from spamming and other kinds of attacks. 3. 6 Project scheduling | Gantt Chart| | | | | Days| 1-5 days| 6-10 days| 11-15 days| 16-20 days| 21-25 days| 26-30 days|   | | | | | | | Activities| | | | | | | Planning|   | | | | |   | Feasibility study| |   |   | | |   | System analysis| | |   |   | |   | System design | | |   |   | |   | Coding| | |   |   |   |   | Testing| | |   |   |   |   |Implementation|   |   |   |   |   |   | The above Gantt chart represents the activities conducted by our team members and the days required to complete all the activities. The activities performed were planning which required five days, feasibility study which required ten days from day 6 to day 15, database design, and interface design required ten days from day 11 to day 20, coding would require ten days, testing would require five days from days and lastly implementation would also require five days from days.As this project is based on the design of the Student Information System, coding system testing and implementation was not conducted but duration was separated for these activities as well. 4. SYSTEM DESIGN 4. 1 System Design 4. 2 Design Description 4. 2. 1 Use Case The use case defines a goal oriented set of interaction between external actors and the system under c onsideration. Actors are parties outside the system that interact with the system. In SIS actors are the users. Use case diagram of Student Information System Insert records Delete recordsUpdate records Search required record View records record Administrator User 4. 2. 2 Sequence diagram for â€Å"Student Information System† 2. Accept password 1. Enter Password Display System Information System Login System 3. System Access 4. Display Record 5. Display require information to the user User Fig: Sequence Diagram for Student Information System 4. 2. 3 Architectural Process Diagram Fail Pass Add Delete Edit Edit Delete Submit Exit Report Action Exit Operation Performance Info Student Info Student Informationon 4. 3 Entity Table: Table name: StudentAttributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| S_Id| Integer| 20| Primary Key| S_name| Varchar| 20| -| S_semester| Integer| 20| -| S_phone| Integer| 20| -| Table name: Result Attributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| S_name| Varchar| 20 | -| S_marks| Integer| 20| -| Table name: Login Attributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| Username| Varchar| 20| -| Password| Varchar| 20| -| Time| Varchar| 20| -| Table name: Administrator Attributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| Admin_Id| Integer| 20| Primary key| Admin_name| Varchar| 20| -| 4. 4 Entity DiagramStudent S_name S_Id S_phone S_semester Fig 4. 3. 1. Entity diagram for student Result S_name Marks Fig 4. 3. 2. Entity diagram for result Username Password Time Login Fig 4. 3. 3. Entity diagram for login Admin_Id Admin_name Admin Fig 4. 3. 4. Entity diagram for Admin 4. 4. 1 ER-Diagram of â€Å"Student Information System† Login Admin Student Result Attend Performs Records Performs 4. 5 Context Diagram: Update info Marks Student details Administrator Student information system Student Id Semester result Student Login details 5. TESTING 5. 1 TestingOur system has been tested throughout the design of the system. As testing is important part of the system developmen t process, we have tested the system throughout the design phase rather than testing the system after the complete development. The following tests are to be done during the system development 5. 1. 1. Unit Testing We will have to test each and every small units of our system. The source code of our system would be divided into modules, which in turn would be divided into small parts called units having their specific behavior.From the unit testing we will come to know if the combination of the units leads to the fulfillment of the software requirements or not. 5. 1. 2. Integration Testing In this testing we will combine the modules and test it as a group. Modules would be typically code modules, individual applications, client server application in the network, etc. Integration testing follows unit testing and precedes system testing. 5. 1. 3. System testing As there are the possibilities of different unexpected errors to occur after integration so the system testing would be done. The system would be tested to check whether it met its requirements and ensure the known and predictable results. System testing would be based on the process description, emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points. 6. CONCLUSION 6. 1 Summary of the Project Managing student’s performance information is a very important activity of any educational institute. This project is aimed to develop a computerized Student Information System that helps to make recording and accessing the information easy and effective. Subsequent numbers of lectures were reviewed before starting the project.Then further steps were taken such as system study, system’s feasibility and many others considerations. Though the system needs some improvements and future enhancement is also a challenging task, the overall outcome of the project is expected in its design considerations. Enormous knowledge has been gained throughout the project. The importances of background research, syste m study, requirement analysis different methodologies were learnt. Also implementing techniques, testing have been exercised. Thus we hope our system provides appropriate nformation to the users according to the chosen service and would help to reduce unnecessary time managing the repots on the paper. 6. 2 Future Work Our Student Information System has many aspects that can be upgraded with future works. There are different future possibilities that the system can enhance its features in terms of the technology and design. In order to make even more effective and efficient use of the system the user interface can be developed in a more interactive way and technological changes can be made. As per the time, knowledge and necessity the system scan be made better in future. Student Information System ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all we would like to thank program director Mr. Satya Bahadur Shrestha and our subject teacher Mr. Keshav Poudel for providing us with an opportunity to do our project work on â€Å"Student Information System† as part of our syllabus. We are heartily indebted to our subject teacher Mr. Keshav Poudel for his constant support and guidance throughout this project. It was his valuable suggestions that helped us to cope up with emerging obstacles during the development of this project. Group Members Ashish Shahi Sanjay Maharjan Sulashyana Shrestha TABLE OF CONTENTTable of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 2. 1. Introduction about the Project 2. 2. Objectives 2. 3. Scope of the Project 2. SYSTEM STUDY 3. 4. Existing System 3. 5. Disadvantage 3. 6. Proposed System 3. 7. Advantage of the Proposed System 3. 8. Problem Definition and Description 3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 4. 9. Package Selected 4. 10. Resources Required 4. 11. Feasibility Study 4. 12. 1. Operational Feasibility 4. 12. 2. Technical Feasibility 4. 12. 3. Economic Feasibility 4. 12. Functional Requirement 4. 13. Non Functional Requirement 4. 14. Use Case 4. 15. Sequence Diagram 4. 16. Project Scheduling . SYSTEM DESIGN 5. 17. Process Diagram 5. 18. Entity Relationship 5. TESTING 6. 19. Testing 6. 20. 4. Unit Testing 6. 20. 5. Integration Testing 6. 20. 6. System Testing 6. CONCLUSION 7. 20. Summary of the Project 7. 21. Future Work INTRODUCTION Introduction about the Project Nowadays technology has reached its highest level and is in the phase of developing more with the new innovations. Student’s Information System (SIS) is an important aspect of any educational institute. The information about the student’s overall performance is important as to generate student’s progress report.Still different colleges record student’s performance report on the paper. Although records can be recorded on the paper manually, but this process is time consuming activity. With the a dvancement of technology, computerized techniques are more useful and consume less time compared to paper work. Hence computerized techniques should be used in colleges to record and access student’s data which is more effective and efficient to use. The Student Information System is aimed to computerize the record keeping system as to make the job easier for the college administrators. 1. 2 ObjectivesThe main objective of this project is to develop software that helps in easy access of the information about the student, their overall performance in one click. Our system is focused to make a web based SIS which makes the work of measuring student’s performance easier and efficient. The main intention is to provide a system with suitable efficiency and accuracy while maintaining its main objective to access student’s performance report. * Ensures that end users have input the design process. * Accomplish project goals and objective within defined budget and time parameters. To implement a computer based program as to make the work effective and efficient. Scope of the Project As discussed above this project is based on developing software that is capable of finding student’s performance report. The system will be able to show student’s performance report. This system will help to reduce the effort to record the entire student’s performance data in files. This system will save time and increase efficiency. This project is purely based on the research and along with the study and requirement of this project in academic field. 2. SYSTEM STUDY 2. 1 Existing SystemThe existing system of managing SIS in the college is based on the file recording system. The recording method of this system is totally based on file system and the data about the students are recorded in a file and to search the performance graph about a student the files are to be searched according to the student’s semester. 2. 2 Disadvantage The existin g system is very time consuming and is not effective as it is based on the file recording system. To search one student’s report all the existing files are to be searched. Modification and updating process is hazard, which is time consuming and inefficient. . 3 Proposed System The system we are about to make is a web based system dealing with the Student Information System. Particularly it is based on the activities related to the recording and accessing the student’s performance report. The proposed system is a computerized system which will be much more effective than the filing system. 2. 4 Advantage of the Proposed System As the system is a computerized system, it will reduce the effort to record the student’s progress report on the files. It will also save time in recording, managing and accessing the student’s data. 2. 5 Problem Definition and DescriptionIn any academic institute student’s information is an important aspect as it is related t o the institute and the student studying in it. The student’s information about their overall performance in their academic career is essential and it is to be recorded in a proper way, so that the necessary information can be access when required. Our system Student Information System (SIS) is focused make a computerized system that records the student’s performance information. The main intention is to provide a system with suitable efficiency and accuracy while recording, managing and accessing the recorded data along with appropriate speed. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 3. 1 Packages Selected The package used in the development of our system is Java Net Bin. 3. 2 Resources Required 3. 2. 1 Hardware Requirement Hardware: PC compatible with a Intel Pentium- III processor RAM: 1-GB RAM Hard disk: 20-GB 3. 2. 2 Software Requirement Operating System: Windows 2000 Professional Software: jdk 1. 7. 0_02, jre 7 Front End: Java Back End: MySQL 3. 3 Feasibility Study We made our estimation on whether the system is able to satisfy the user’s need using the software/hardware technologies being used in the developing the system.We made our study on the basis of cost effectiveness of the proposed system from the business point of view. Considering the time and cost the feasibility study were made and further detailed analysis was done. The study is based on the following: * Whether the system contributed to the main objective of the project * Whether the system can be engineered using current technology and within budget and schedule constraints. 3. 3. 1 Operational feasibility We made our study on the basis of the operational factors of the system. Our system is feasible on the operational environment as well.The users who are going to operate on this system will able to understand the system and can use it easily by some training. 3. 3. 2 Technical feasibility The hardware and software used in this system are easily available in the current technical environment so it is easy to use and feasible with our system. Due to technical feasibility further changes can be performed easily. 3. 3. 3 Economic Feasibility Our system is economically feasible as it is under our budgetary constraints. This system is cost effective because * The tools and technologies used for this system are free for non commercial use. This system provides quality of information and the ease of access to the information required. The system can prove effective and efficient and can establish itself as valuable assets for the one who implements it. 3. 4 Functional Requirement The system provides a web base where a large number of pages are crawled for a particular domain and are stored. The statement of services that our system provides as the systems functional requirements are as follows * The administrator would be able to insert, delete, modify and update the records based on student’s the performance. The system would be able to display all the recorded perfor mance information about the student. 3. 5 Non-Functional Requirements * Usability Our system will provide the web interface to the end users with the optimum user- friendliness so that they can get accustomed while operating the system. * Reliability The system developed will be able to meet the expectations of the user as well as, it would be reliable to matchup with the existing products * Performance Our system shall return the matched documents from its web base within considerable amount of time. Security Our system provides a web interface, so in order to make the system secure, any user needs to get authenticated. This would help the system be free from spamming and other kinds of attacks. 3. 6 Project scheduling | Gantt Chart| | | | | Days| 1-5 days| 6-10 days| 11-15 days| 16-20 days| 21-25 days| 26-30 days|   | | | | | | | Activities| | | | | | | Planning|   | | | | |   | Feasibility study| |   |   | | |   | System analysis| | |   |   | |   | System design | | |   |   | |   | Coding| | |   |   |   |   | Testing| | |   |   |   |   |Implementation|   |   |   |   |   |   | The above Gantt chart represents the activities conducted by our team members and the days required to complete all the activities. The activities performed were planning which required five days, feasibility study which required ten days from day 6 to day 15, database design, and interface design required ten days from day 11 to day 20, coding would require ten days, testing would require five days from days and lastly implementation would also require five days from days.As this project is based on the design of the Student Information System, coding system testing and implementation was not conducted but duration was separated for these activities as well. 4. SYSTEM DESIGN 4. 1 System Design 4. 2 Design Description 4. 2. 1 Use Case The use case defines a goal oriented set of interaction between external actors and the system under c onsideration. Actors are parties outside the system that interact with the system. In SIS actors are the users. Use case diagram of Student Information System Insert records Delete recordsUpdate records Search required record View records record Administrator User 4. 2. 2 Sequence diagram for â€Å"Student Information System† 2. Accept password 1. Enter Password Display System Information System Login System 3. System Access 4. Display Record 5. Display require information to the user User Fig: Sequence Diagram for Student Information System 4. 2. 3 Architectural Process Diagram Fail Pass Add Delete Edit Edit Delete Submit Exit Report Action Exit Operation Performance Info Student Info Student Informationon 4. 3 Entity Table: Table name: StudentAttributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| S_Id| Integer| 20| Primary Key| S_name| Varchar| 20| -| S_semester| Integer| 20| -| S_phone| Integer| 20| -| Table name: Result Attributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| S_name| Varchar| 20 | -| S_marks| Integer| 20| -| Table name: Login Attributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| Username| Varchar| 20| -| Password| Varchar| 20| -| Time| Varchar| 20| -| Table name: Administrator Attributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| Admin_Id| Integer| 20| Primary key| Admin_name| Varchar| 20| -| 4. 4 Entity DiagramStudent S_name S_Id S_phone S_semester Fig 4. 3. 1. Entity diagram for student Result S_name Marks Fig 4. 3. 2. Entity diagram for result Username Password Time Login Fig 4. 3. 3. Entity diagram for login Admin_Id Admin_name Admin Fig 4. 3. 4. Entity diagram for Admin 4. 4. 1 ER-Diagram of â€Å"Student Information System† Login Admin Student Result Attend Performs Records Performs 4. 5 Context Diagram: Update info Marks Student details Administrator Student information system Student Id Semester result Student Login details 5. TESTING 5. 1 TestingOur system has been tested throughout the design of the system. As testing is important part of the system developmen t process, we have tested the system throughout the design phase rather than testing the system after the complete development. The following tests are to be done during the system development 5. 1. 1. Unit Testing We will have to test each and every small units of our system. The source code of our system would be divided into modules, which in turn would be divided into small parts called units having their specific behavior.From the unit testing we will come to know if the combination of the units leads to the fulfillment of the software requirements or not. 5. 1. 2. Integration Testing In this testing we will combine the modules and test it as a group. Modules would be typically code modules, individual applications, client server application in the network, etc. Integration testing follows unit testing and precedes system testing. 5. 1. 3. System testing As there are the possibilities of different unexpected errors to occur after integration so the system testing would be done. The system would be tested to check whether it met its requirements and ensure the known and predictable results. System testing would be based on the process description, emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points. 6. CONCLUSION 6. 1 Summary of the Project Managing student’s performance information is a very important activity of any educational institute. This project is aimed to develop a computerized Student Information System that helps to make recording and accessing the information easy and effective. Subsequent numbers of lectures were reviewed before starting the project.Then further steps were taken such as system study, system’s feasibility and many others considerations. Though the system needs some improvements and future enhancement is also a challenging task, the overall outcome of the project is expected in its design considerations. Enormous knowledge has been gained throughout the project. The importances of background research, syste m study, requirement analysis different methodologies were learnt. Also implementing techniques, testing have been exercised. Thus we hope our system provides appropriate nformation to the users according to the chosen service and would help to reduce unnecessary time managing the repots on the paper. 6. 2 Future Work Our Student Information System has many aspects that can be upgraded with future works. There are different future possibilities that the system can enhance its features in terms of the technology and design. In order to make even more effective and efficient use of the system the user interface can be developed in a more interactive way and technological changes can be made. As per the time, knowledge and necessity the system scan be made better in future.

How to Write Environmental Studies and Forestry Essay Successfully Expert Guide

How to Write Environmental Studies and Forestry Essay Successfully Expert Guide Introduction to the Topic The writing of various essays accompanies each student almost throughout the entire course of studies at the college and university and is an indispensable tool for consolidating and developing the knowledge gained during the educational process. An essay can have many goals, but its basic structure remains unchanged. You can write an essay in order to justify some point of view or explain the steps that should be taken to perform a specific task. If you follow several simple steps, you will see that writing an essay takes place almost in itself, and this process causes no difficulties. You will just need to insert ideas, which are the most important part of an essay. So, an important part of such work is strict adherence to an appropriate instruction. One version of such a document is this manual. What Is Environmental Studies and Forestry Essay? At each stage of learning, you study a variety of topics related to environmental issues and forestry. The natural is the fact that the theory stated in textbooks is not enough for a full understanding and consolidation of the material. In addition, you will probably want to explore some topics deeper and in more detail or put on paper your own thoughts on the work that has already been done. In a general sense, this is an essay that is an authors composition written with the use of primary and secondary sources, as well as research articles and additional materials. As a rule, it has a rather free structure and is not big by a number of words. In particular, environmental science and forestry essay is characterized by several features. For example, it must necessarily indicate a specific topic or question that you have been studied or are currently taking in the course of environmental studies and forestry. The essay cannot simultaneously include several thematic ideas that do not o verlap. Also, the content of such a paper is used to assess the authors personality primarily, that is, his/her worldview, thoughts, and feelings, despite the fact that the use of additional literature and research works of other writers is often necessary. In general, environmental science and forestry essay on a particular topic can be classified in the following areas: descriptive, narrative, critical, reflexive, analytical, and so on. The choice of direction will depend on the topic of the essay and the requirements set by the instructor. Tips on Preliminary Notes: Meet Effective Note Taking Methods Preliminary notes play an important role in preparation for writing environmental studies and forestry essay. It is the first point that you should remember as soon as you begin to learn a new topic. Preliminary notes are a versatile tool that will help you to overcome any barriers and difficulties with ease while writing an essay. In this regard, if you start to consider another topic on environmental studies and forestry, you should simultaneously keep a brief record. What is the meaning of these notes and what benefit do they have in themselves? The main role of preliminary notes is the creation of a mini-summary of the topic under study. They are one of the cheat sheet options that you can open at any time to refresh your memory and remember the key points. With the help of preliminary records, you can select those topics that interest you most or those that you consider important. Most likely, we can say that they can be used later in writing your environmental studies and forestry essay. For example, when studying forest ecology, you can focus on the unique ecological processes taking place in the forest zone. You can conduct preliminary notes using a specific structure in order to systematize your knowledge or highlight specific topics. For example, you can conditionally divide your notebook into several sections: environment, environmental issues, problems and opportunities in the field of forestry, environment, and development, and so on. This structuring will help you to make entries in the desired section and then use the recorded key points depending on the topic of the essay. In the preliminary notes, you can state the conclusions for each topic covered, which is a necessary action for the subsequent presentation of them in the essay. Finally, the preliminary records are a huge platform for presenting your own opinions on the topic studied, your vision of the situation, the options for solving it, or other authorial information. For example, you heard the following statement: ensuring timely, reliable and accurate information on forests and forest systems is critical for raising public awareness and making informed decisions and therefore should be encouraged. At this point, you may wonder what information systems in the field of environmental studies and forestry can be the most optimal, affordable and realizable? In the future, you can explore this question further and include it in your essay. How do I make preliminary notes properly? When attending classes, you should always have at hand any recording tool, such as a notebook, or a laptop PC. Do not rely on your memory, as you can miss important moments. Take notes on each topic, so either of them can serve you like an essay base. Do not write a lot. Preliminary notes should be kept in the form of key points and brief records. Selecting a Topic for the Environmental Studies and Forestry Essay First of all, it is necessary to understand that there are two ways of choosing a topic. Namely, the instructor either gives you a specific topic or suggests you choose it yourself. If you do not have the right to choose a topic on your own, then you should consider the following features: You need to understand what kind of work the instructor expects to see a review, an in-depth analysis, a critical essay, or something else; Depending on the classification of the essay, you should be convinced of the specifics of the topic; It is important to know whether the essay should be your personal response or reflection on a specific topic, or you should use additional literature and previous studies; Direct choice of the topic (if the instructor did not explicitly indicate it) should be conducted as follows: Use your preliminary notes to remember everything that you have studied on this topic; Review your records that reflect your interest in a particular area of environmental studies and forestry; Correctly formulate your theme and specify it. A mandatory item is your sincere interest in the chosen topic. Otherwise, the result of your work will be a boring and inexpressive review. Example of choosing a topic Let’s say that within a month (a week, a few days, and so on) you studied the following topics: General Introduction to Environmental Studies and Forestry; National Policy in the Field of Forest Resources; Aspects of Environmental Protection; Types of Forests; Rational Use of Forest Resources. In addition to the names of these topics, you have preliminary entries that reflect the characteristics of each of these areas. That is, by studying the listed variations, you marked those that were most interesting for you and recorded any of your reflections or more narrow questions. For example, non of Non-Waste Technologies of Wood Processing. Key Points of Environmental Studies and Forestry Essay If you want your essay to turn out to be logically built, interesting and reflect the selected topic consistently, then it should include the three basic points the introduction, the main body, and the conclusion. Introduction. The introduction should be formulated in such a way as to attract the readers attention and give a clue of the basic idea of your environmental studies and forestry essay. It is better to start with something that immediately draws attention or accentuates the relevance of the issue under consideration. In the same section, you can point out the subject matter of the topic, explain why it is being considered, and give a brief summary of the problem under study. A mandatory part of the introduction is the thesis statement, which (unless the essay has its unique structure) should be delivered in the last sentence of this section. It involves a short text, in which the author sets out his/her main idea or assumption, which he/she will support throughout the paper. For example, non-waste technologies for processing wood can significantly reduce deforestation and contribute to the recovery of forests. The main body. In the main part of the environmental studies and forestry essay, all preparation comes to a climax. Now you must explain and describe the topic that you have chosen, as well as give all the necessary justifications and evidence. One of the components that will help you to perform this task is your preliminary records. You can start by reviewing the literature on the selected topic (if your environmental studies and forestry essay is not a free composition). For this purpose, explore a variety of studies that have been conducted on the question that interest you, or literature that describes the main ideas and characteristics that support your thesis. Summarize the reviewed work in a few words and refer to its author. Next, you may consider the key issues which relate to your topic in a logical sequence. For example, what is meant by forest resources, what are the problems in this area, what is meant by rational use, what methods of rational use are relevant for today, what technologies are used, and so on. Finally, describe the non-waste technologies of wood processing and its benefits. Each key point must be confirmed by evidence and citations of authors who support your findings. Conclusion. Conclusion creates a sense of completeness. It summarizes thoughts or gives a final look at your topic. An integral part is the confirmation (or refutation) of the thesis stated at the beginning of the paper. For example, in this regard, the use of non-waste technologies of wood processing indeed minimizes the damage caused to forestry and improves the ecological background. All the rest that is necessary for the conclusion is three or four strong sentences, and it is not necessary that they correspond to any specific structure. Just give an overview of the main thoughts (try to change the wording a little, and not copy them from the body text of the essay) or briefly describe your feelings about the topic. Even some story may be useful for completing your environmental studies and forestry essay. Writing and Post-Writing Tips from Our Writers While writing your environmental studies and forestry essay, it is recommended to observe the following tips: Check the sequence of paragraphs. Read them. Which one is the strongest? Perhaps it would be a good idea to start with the strongest paragraph, finish the text with the second strongest, and insert the weakest paragraph in the middle. Whichever sequence you choose, make sure that it is logical. If your environmental studies and forestry essay describes the process, then most likely you will need to adhere to the steps (sequence) that make up this process. Check the instructions for the assignment, namely, whether you have included all the necessary information, whether you answered the question asked, and so on. Be sure to check your essay for spelling, the presence of errors, and the correctness of citations. Proofread the test written. Are there any weaknesses in the essay? Are its sentences smoothly flowing into each other? In conclusion, it is possible to say that the writing of environmental studies and forestry essay contributes to the development of creative and analytical thinking, the ability to present thoughts correctly, and the thinking process in general. Practice in this area, and this will help you to learn how to formulate your words properly, highlight the cause-effect relationships and support your arguments with appropriate evidence and examples from practice!

Myths Declaration of Independence

Myths Declaration of Independence Free Online Research Papers Before we can examine if there are myths surrounding the Declaration of Independence we need to examine under what circumstances Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration (After the Fact pg. 75). By the spring of 1776, the patience of many congressmen had been sorely tried by bitter wrangling over the question of whether or not to declare independence. Many of the legislators thought it nonsensical to fight a war for any purpose other than independence, yet others disagreed. They held out hope for a resolution with England. For month after bloody month Congress had sat on its hands unable to offer a resolution, this angered many including John and Sam Adams of Massachusetts (After the Fact pg. 77). They felt that America was fighting a war it could not win unless it declared independence from Britain. Opposition to Parliament had been growing since it enacted the first American tax, the Stamp Act of 1765. At the First Continental Congress, which met in Philadelphia in September 1774, some delegates wanted to force repeal of Parliament’s repressive measures through a trade embargo. A more conservative faction had pushed for a compromise to provide American representation in Parliament. In the end, Congress adopted the trade boycott, and war had come (US a Narrative History pg. 114-115). The greatest reluctance to engage in Independence came from the middle colonies (After the Fact pg. 76). New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Delaware and in South Carolina, all had long since been drawn into the economic web of the Atlantic world. Before the war, the products of the backcountry- furs, hides and lumber- as well as grain, had moved through New York and Philadelphia to markets in the Caribbean and England. Charleston exported indigo and rice. In return, English-manufactured goods entered the colonies through these ports. Business had flourished during most of the 18th century; in recent years Philadelphia’s merchants had routinely enjoyed annual profits of more than 10 percent (American History pg. 218-219). The great merchants in Philadelphia and New York, who constituted a powerful political force, had other compelling reasons for remaining within the empire. Many relied upon credit supplied by English bankers. The protection afforded to transatlantic trade by the Royal Navy minimized insurance and other overhead costs. Independence, Philadelphia merchant Thomas Clifford asserted in 1775, would â€Å"assuredly prove unprofitable.† The â€Å"advantages of security and stability,† said another, â€Å"lie with . . . remaining in the empire.† But Adams was confident that those who favored reconciliation would be driven inexorably toward independence. In time, he believed, they would discover that London would never give in to America’s demands. Furthermore, he expected that war would transform the colonists’ deep-seated love for Britain into enmity, necessitating a final break (American History pg. 220). On June 11, Congress created a five-member committee to prepare a statement on independence. John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman of Connecticut and Robert Livingston of New York were given until July 1 to complete their work (After the Fact pg. 77). Once again it was to Jefferson that a panel turned, this time for the fateful task of drafting the declaration (After the Fact pg. 79). Jefferson and his colleagues beat the deadline by two days, submitting on June 28 a document that explained and defended independence. By July 1, the final consideration of Lee’s motion to declare independence was taken up. That day’s session, John Adams told a friend in a letter written early that morning would see â€Å"the greatest Debate of all† (American History pg.222). When debate began midmorning on that Monday, Dickinson was first on his feet to make one last speech against independence. Speaking for two hours in the stifling heat of the closed room (windows were kept shut to keep spies from listening in), Dickinson reviewed the familiar arguments: America could not win the war; at best, it could fight Britain to a stalemate, and deadlocked wars often ended in partition treaties in which territory is divided among the belligerents; therefore, after all the killing, some colonies would remain part of the British Empire, while others would pass under the control of France or Spain (American History pg.223). It was John Adams- soon to be christened â€Å"the Atlas of Independence† by New Jersey’s Richard Stockton- who rose to answer Dickinson. Striving to conceal his contempt for his adversary, Adams spoke extemporaneously in subdued tones. Once again, he reviewed the benefits of independence. Although his speech was not transcribed, he surely invoked the ideas he had expressed and the phrases he had used on many another occasion. Breaking ties with Britain, he argued, would ensure freedom from England’s imperial domination; escape from the menace of British corruption; and the opportunity to create a republic based on equality of representation (American History pg.223). Others then took the floor. The speeches stretched past the customary 4 o’clock adjournment and into the evening. The business was â€Å"an idle Mispence of Time,† Adams remarked sourly, as â€Å"nothing was said, but what had been repeated and hackneyed in that Room a hundred Times for Six Months past† (American History pg.223). After the Congress reconvened the next morning, July 2, the delegates cast their momentous votes. Twelve states- the colonies would become states with the vote- voted for independence. Not one voted against the break with Britain. New York’s delegation, which had not yet been authorized by the New York legislature to separate from the mother country, did not vote. Adams predicted that July 2 would ever after â€Å"be solemnized with Pomp and Parade, with Shews, Games, Sports, Guns, Bells, Bonfires and Illuminations from one End of this Continent to the other forward forever more†(After the Fact pg. 78). He was wrong, of course, for July 4, the date that Congress approved the formal Declaration of Independence, would become the commemorative day. Although we celebrate July 4 as the official Independence Day it was not until at least August that all of the members signed the document. So why is it that most Americans think that Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence? If it was a committee of five, what did the others contribute? Surely they had to contribute something. I think that it is easier to accept the fact that it was written by Jefferson and that everyone agreed with him. We have to remember that people have not changed all that much. We know what happens today when a group of opinionated people get together. How long have we been debating health care? So if it was a group effort or if Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence by himself, it was a remarkable achievement in such a short amount of time. Research Papers on Myths Declaration of IndependenceQuebec and CanadaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeDefinition of Export QuotasAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Twilight of the UAW19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaWhere Wild and West Meet