Application On Blood Donation Using Android Platform

Application On Blood Donation Using Android Platform Android powers hundreds of millions of mobile devices in more than 190 countries around the world. Its the largest installed base of any mobile platform and growing fast-every day another million users power up their Android devices for the first time and start looking for apps, games, and other digital content. Android gives you a world-class platform for creating apps and games for Android users everywhere, as well as an open marketplace for distributing to them instantly. Android is revolutionizing the global cell phone market. Its the first open source mobile application platform. Android is a Linux based operating system designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet computers ,which Google backed financially and later brought in 2005, in collaboration with the open handset alliance. Android is an open source market where user can develop any application and get it publicized in the market. Android market is having approximately 4, 50,000 apps but there is no application available in the android market which motivates the public regarding blood donation. There are many factors that have allowed Android to become the worlds most widely used Smartphone platform, overtaking Sembilan in the fourth quarter of 2010, and the software of choice for technology companies who require a low-cost, customizable, lightweight operating system for high tech devices without developing one from scratch. As a result, despite being primarily designed for phones and tablets, it has seen additional applications on televisions, games consoles and other electronics. Androids open nature has further encouraged a large community of developers and enthusiasts to use the open source code as a foundation for community-driven projects, which add new features for advanced users or bring Android to devices which were officially released running other operating systems. In this paper we propose algorithm which mainly aims at developing an android application which motivates the youngsters for donating blood and check whether they are eligible for donating or not. This application will serve as an effective tool for creating awareness in public. . Furthermore, we will try to demonstrate with an application that might be used by the people using android phones. Objectives By developing this application, we want to create awareness among the android users and motivate them to help the needful. This application will help the user in all the possible ways helpful in blood donation. Detailed problem Definition After a long research we found that there are no apps in the Google play store which motivates the public in donating blood and clearing there misconceptions. We found out that there is a requirement of an application which is helpful for people in many ways. As we all know that donating blood is a good deed but due to some misconceptions people hesitate in donating blood. By going through the applications already available, we found out that all the applications are lacking the feature of connecting the people who are interested in either donating the blood or they urgently require the blood. The main feature of our application is connectivity provided by us. The donors and receivers can contact to each other depending on their needs. Sometimes in urgency u may have thought of any platform from where we can get the details of hospitals, blood banks, important contact numbers and contact numbers of social organizations but we fail to get such an application or platform. We found out that there are apps on internet but they are lacking some of utilities which we had developed in our application. Solution Methodology Registering Donors The one who would be using this application is requested to register for the cause. The process of registration is simple no complex interface is used for the same, everyone is welcome for registration. Even a person can register for other person. The following fields for registration: Name Contact Number Gender Blood Group Last Date of Donation Regular Donor/not Email Address It creates a hub of donors who are available of android. People who are under age are also welcome for registration for prospective donation. The Process and fields are made simple or possible so that the user should not feel hectic while providing the details. Database The secondary utility of this application is to provide the user the details of various hospitals and blood banks. Irrespective of the application usage, if user wants the contact of hospital or blood bank he can easily get. Efforts are made to provide the nearest hospital and blood bank details with assistance of GPS technology Bulk Messaging For Camps. As we know social organizations and NGOs come in front for organizing blood donation camps at various places with this application we provide another platform for broadcasting about the event. For this cause, the NGOs can contact using email or Face book page which is also is also administrated. About checking the genuine news of the event the registered donor will be send a message automatically. Even if the user is not under donation period he can spread the news to his friends or relatives regarding the blood donation camp. Motivation and clearing the misconceptions related to blood donation Our application contains videos and photo albums which plays a very important role in motivating the public. The videos contain motivational quotes and phrases. For clearing the doubts and confusions of the users regarding blood donation, we have created a FAQ section in which all the important questions are displayed. We had also introduced ask questions by using this user can ask questions. Working User Interface of this application asks the user to choose an option by displaying an option menu. Menu includes the various tabs namely registering donors tab, direct link to some hospitals, motivational videos, and social networking links. A very special thing about this application is that it includes FAQs (Frequently asked questions) section which is fastest way to clear the doubts of the users. Addition to that, application includes another option through which user can raise his personal questions; the question will be replied by the application administrator at earliest so that the dignity of application is maintained. The interface of the application is made as simple as possible so that even a new user can get familiar to it and use it to full extent. The On-device view icon of the application looks like: When the user click the application icon then the second page opens displaying various menu options. On clicking the first option of the menu that is ABOUT. The following page opens and it contains the details regarding the application. When the user clicks the registration menu option the following page is displayed which registers the users and save all the details. When the user clicks on the option CMC Hospital it redirected to the CMCs Blood Bank Homepage. Motivation videos Option open the following page which contains some motivational videos. If the User will have any queries regarding our application and its working he can contact the developer/Administrator. Conclusion This application will help the android users to get information about blood donation. The need of blood donation and all the queries related to that. We had focused on the productivity of the application by maintaining a database of the donors containing their contact numbers and email ids so that we can make the most of it. We had designed the application in such a way that it helps the user in all possible ways when he or she needs help. If time will permit we will add more features and improve the productivity of the application. Referential Web Wikipedia http://www.wikipedia.org/ Google http://www.google.co.in/ Android.com http://developer.android.com/guide/components/index.html

Free Hamlet Essays: Conflict of Will :: The Tragedy of Hamlet Essays

The conflict of the will and the feelings of an individual opposed to the will and the feelings of the majority, is a major conflict in the play Hamlet, and one which is experienced by many of the characters. Characters like Hamlet, Ophelia, Laertes, and Fortinbras are shown as having been opposing or having conflicting feelings with the majority of people in their society. The main conflict in the play is the one between Hamlet and King Claudius, which in a way symbolizes Hamlet's conflict with the society around him. King Claudius, as the new ruler of Denmark is the man who sets the rules, and the one after whom the aristocratic society models. Since becoming king and marrying Hamlets mother Gertrude, Claudius becomes the person who is looked up at by the rest of the people, and the person whose actions show the society around him how to live their lifestyle and what's accepted and not accepted in his kingdom. Meanwhile Hamlet, who is still mourning for the death of his father, while the rest of the people celebrate the wedding and the coronation of Claudius, is left in the shadows. Hamlet doesn't join the festivities and celebration because in his eyes the quick marriage and coronation are inappropriate at the time of mourning of the death of his father. This is the first aspect the reader sees of Hamlet acting opposite to what the society is doing. Throughout the middle of the play Hamlet is also going against society, but not the society itself, but against the set rules and values of the society. Hamlet starts acting as if mad, and says things that offend everyone around him. But not only his remarks and actions demonstrate his opposition to the society surrounding him. When Hamlet wants to kill Claudius and avenge his father, he is not looking for sole act of revenge, but he is pursuing his goal as one of rightness, truthfulness and honor. Hamlet has a different set of values, even though he may want to achieve the same goal as some of the other characters in the play his values prevent him to act until he feels confident enough that what he is doing is right. This is why Hamlet passes his chance to murder Claudius during confession even though he has a clear shot at his life. Hamlet's values, which at first prevent him from killing Claudius in the chapel, ironically lead him to kill Polonius.

Student Information System

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all we would like to thank program director Mr. Satya Bahadur Shrestha and our subject teacher Mr. Keshav Poudel for providing us with an opportunity to do our project work on â€Å"Student Information System† as part of our syllabus. We are heartily indebted to our subject teacher Mr. Keshav Poudel for his constant support and guidance throughout this project. It was his valuable suggestions that helped us to cope up with emerging obstacles during the development of this project. Group Members Ashish Shahi Sanjay Maharjan Sulashyana Shrestha TABLE OF CONTENTTable of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 2. 1. Introduction about the Project 2. 2. Objectives 2. 3. Scope of the Project 2. SYSTEM STUDY 3. 4. Existing System 3. 5. Disadvantage 3. 6. Proposed System 3. 7. Advantage of the Proposed System 3. 8. Problem Definition and Description 3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 4. 9. Package Selected 4. 10. Resources Required 4. 11. Feasibility Study 4. 12. 1. Operational Feasibility 4. 12. 2. Technical Feasibility 4. 12. 3. Economic Feasibility 4. 12. Functional Requirement 4. 13. Non Functional Requirement 4. 14. Use Case 4. 15. Sequence Diagram 4. 16. Project Scheduling . SYSTEM DESIGN 5. 17. Process Diagram 5. 18. Entity Relationship 5. TESTING 6. 19. Testing 6. 20. 4. Unit Testing 6. 20. 5. Integration Testing 6. 20. 6. System Testing 6. CONCLUSION 7. 20. Summary of the Project 7. 21. Future Work INTRODUCTION Introduction about the Project Nowadays technology has reached its highest level and is in the phase of developing more with the new innovations. Student’s Information System (SIS) is an important aspect of any educational institute. The information about the student’s overall performance is important as to generate student’s progress report.Still different colleges record student’s performance report on the paper. Although records can be recorded on the paper manually, but this process is time consuming activity. With the a dvancement of technology, computerized techniques are more useful and consume less time compared to paper work. Hence computerized techniques should be used in colleges to record and access student’s data which is more effective and efficient to use. The Student Information System is aimed to computerize the record keeping system as to make the job easier for the college administrators. 1. 2 ObjectivesThe main objective of this project is to develop software that helps in easy access of the information about the student, their overall performance in one click. Our system is focused to make a web based SIS which makes the work of measuring student’s performance easier and efficient. The main intention is to provide a system with suitable efficiency and accuracy while maintaining its main objective to access student’s performance report. * Ensures that end users have input the design process. * Accomplish project goals and objective within defined budget and time parameters. To implement a computer based program as to make the work effective and efficient. Scope of the Project As discussed above this project is based on developing software that is capable of finding student’s performance report. The system will be able to show student’s performance report. This system will help to reduce the effort to record the entire student’s performance data in files. This system will save time and increase efficiency. This project is purely based on the research and along with the study and requirement of this project in academic field. 2. SYSTEM STUDY 2. 1 Existing SystemThe existing system of managing SIS in the college is based on the file recording system. The recording method of this system is totally based on file system and the data about the students are recorded in a file and to search the performance graph about a student the files are to be searched according to the student’s semester. 2. 2 Disadvantage The existin g system is very time consuming and is not effective as it is based on the file recording system. To search one student’s report all the existing files are to be searched. Modification and updating process is hazard, which is time consuming and inefficient. . 3 Proposed System The system we are about to make is a web based system dealing with the Student Information System. Particularly it is based on the activities related to the recording and accessing the student’s performance report. The proposed system is a computerized system which will be much more effective than the filing system. 2. 4 Advantage of the Proposed System As the system is a computerized system, it will reduce the effort to record the student’s progress report on the files. It will also save time in recording, managing and accessing the student’s data. 2. 5 Problem Definition and DescriptionIn any academic institute student’s information is an important aspect as it is related t o the institute and the student studying in it. The student’s information about their overall performance in their academic career is essential and it is to be recorded in a proper way, so that the necessary information can be access when required. Our system Student Information System (SIS) is focused make a computerized system that records the student’s performance information. The main intention is to provide a system with suitable efficiency and accuracy while recording, managing and accessing the recorded data along with appropriate speed. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 3. 1 Packages Selected The package used in the development of our system is Java Net Bin. 3. 2 Resources Required 3. 2. 1 Hardware Requirement Hardware: PC compatible with a Intel Pentium- III processor RAM: 1-GB RAM Hard disk: 20-GB 3. 2. 2 Software Requirement Operating System: Windows 2000 Professional Software: jdk 1. 7. 0_02, jre 7 Front End: Java Back End: MySQL 3. 3 Feasibility Study We made our estimation on whether the system is able to satisfy the user’s need using the software/hardware technologies being used in the developing the system.We made our study on the basis of cost effectiveness of the proposed system from the business point of view. Considering the time and cost the feasibility study were made and further detailed analysis was done. The study is based on the following: * Whether the system contributed to the main objective of the project * Whether the system can be engineered using current technology and within budget and schedule constraints. 3. 3. 1 Operational feasibility We made our study on the basis of the operational factors of the system. Our system is feasible on the operational environment as well.The users who are going to operate on this system will able to understand the system and can use it easily by some training. 3. 3. 2 Technical feasibility The hardware and software used in this system are easily available in the current technical environment so it is easy to use and feasible with our system. Due to technical feasibility further changes can be performed easily. 3. 3. 3 Economic Feasibility Our system is economically feasible as it is under our budgetary constraints. This system is cost effective because * The tools and technologies used for this system are free for non commercial use. This system provides quality of information and the ease of access to the information required. The system can prove effective and efficient and can establish itself as valuable assets for the one who implements it. 3. 4 Functional Requirement The system provides a web base where a large number of pages are crawled for a particular domain and are stored. The statement of services that our system provides as the systems functional requirements are as follows * The administrator would be able to insert, delete, modify and update the records based on student’s the performance. The system would be able to display all the recorded perfor mance information about the student. 3. 5 Non-Functional Requirements * Usability Our system will provide the web interface to the end users with the optimum user- friendliness so that they can get accustomed while operating the system. * Reliability The system developed will be able to meet the expectations of the user as well as, it would be reliable to matchup with the existing products * Performance Our system shall return the matched documents from its web base within considerable amount of time. Security Our system provides a web interface, so in order to make the system secure, any user needs to get authenticated. This would help the system be free from spamming and other kinds of attacks. 3. 6 Project scheduling | Gantt Chart| | | | | Days| 1-5 days| 6-10 days| 11-15 days| 16-20 days| 21-25 days| 26-30 days|   | | | | | | | Activities| | | | | | | Planning|   | | | | |   | Feasibility study| |   |   | | |   | System analysis| | |   |   | |   | System design | | |   |   | |   | Coding| | |   |   |   |   | Testing| | |   |   |   |   |Implementation|   |   |   |   |   |   | The above Gantt chart represents the activities conducted by our team members and the days required to complete all the activities. The activities performed were planning which required five days, feasibility study which required ten days from day 6 to day 15, database design, and interface design required ten days from day 11 to day 20, coding would require ten days, testing would require five days from days and lastly implementation would also require five days from days.As this project is based on the design of the Student Information System, coding system testing and implementation was not conducted but duration was separated for these activities as well. 4. SYSTEM DESIGN 4. 1 System Design 4. 2 Design Description 4. 2. 1 Use Case The use case defines a goal oriented set of interaction between external actors and the system under c onsideration. Actors are parties outside the system that interact with the system. In SIS actors are the users. Use case diagram of Student Information System Insert records Delete recordsUpdate records Search required record View records record Administrator User 4. 2. 2 Sequence diagram for â€Å"Student Information System† 2. Accept password 1. Enter Password Display System Information System Login System 3. System Access 4. Display Record 5. Display require information to the user User Fig: Sequence Diagram for Student Information System 4. 2. 3 Architectural Process Diagram Fail Pass Add Delete Edit Edit Delete Submit Exit Report Action Exit Operation Performance Info Student Info Student Informationon 4. 3 Entity Table: Table name: StudentAttributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| S_Id| Integer| 20| Primary Key| S_name| Varchar| 20| -| S_semester| Integer| 20| -| S_phone| Integer| 20| -| Table name: Result Attributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| S_name| Varchar| 20 | -| S_marks| Integer| 20| -| Table name: Login Attributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| Username| Varchar| 20| -| Password| Varchar| 20| -| Time| Varchar| 20| -| Table name: Administrator Attributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| Admin_Id| Integer| 20| Primary key| Admin_name| Varchar| 20| -| 4. 4 Entity DiagramStudent S_name S_Id S_phone S_semester Fig 4. 3. 1. Entity diagram for student Result S_name Marks Fig 4. 3. 2. Entity diagram for result Username Password Time Login Fig 4. 3. 3. Entity diagram for login Admin_Id Admin_name Admin Fig 4. 3. 4. Entity diagram for Admin 4. 4. 1 ER-Diagram of â€Å"Student Information System† Login Admin Student Result Attend Performs Records Performs 4. 5 Context Diagram: Update info Marks Student details Administrator Student information system Student Id Semester result Student Login details 5. TESTING 5. 1 TestingOur system has been tested throughout the design of the system. As testing is important part of the system developmen t process, we have tested the system throughout the design phase rather than testing the system after the complete development. The following tests are to be done during the system development 5. 1. 1. Unit Testing We will have to test each and every small units of our system. The source code of our system would be divided into modules, which in turn would be divided into small parts called units having their specific behavior.From the unit testing we will come to know if the combination of the units leads to the fulfillment of the software requirements or not. 5. 1. 2. Integration Testing In this testing we will combine the modules and test it as a group. Modules would be typically code modules, individual applications, client server application in the network, etc. Integration testing follows unit testing and precedes system testing. 5. 1. 3. System testing As there are the possibilities of different unexpected errors to occur after integration so the system testing would be done. The system would be tested to check whether it met its requirements and ensure the known and predictable results. System testing would be based on the process description, emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points. 6. CONCLUSION 6. 1 Summary of the Project Managing student’s performance information is a very important activity of any educational institute. This project is aimed to develop a computerized Student Information System that helps to make recording and accessing the information easy and effective. Subsequent numbers of lectures were reviewed before starting the project.Then further steps were taken such as system study, system’s feasibility and many others considerations. Though the system needs some improvements and future enhancement is also a challenging task, the overall outcome of the project is expected in its design considerations. Enormous knowledge has been gained throughout the project. The importances of background research, syste m study, requirement analysis different methodologies were learnt. Also implementing techniques, testing have been exercised. Thus we hope our system provides appropriate nformation to the users according to the chosen service and would help to reduce unnecessary time managing the repots on the paper. 6. 2 Future Work Our Student Information System has many aspects that can be upgraded with future works. There are different future possibilities that the system can enhance its features in terms of the technology and design. In order to make even more effective and efficient use of the system the user interface can be developed in a more interactive way and technological changes can be made. As per the time, knowledge and necessity the system scan be made better in future. Student Information System ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all we would like to thank program director Mr. Satya Bahadur Shrestha and our subject teacher Mr. Keshav Poudel for providing us with an opportunity to do our project work on â€Å"Student Information System† as part of our syllabus. We are heartily indebted to our subject teacher Mr. Keshav Poudel for his constant support and guidance throughout this project. It was his valuable suggestions that helped us to cope up with emerging obstacles during the development of this project. Group Members Ashish Shahi Sanjay Maharjan Sulashyana Shrestha TABLE OF CONTENTTable of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 2. 1. Introduction about the Project 2. 2. Objectives 2. 3. Scope of the Project 2. SYSTEM STUDY 3. 4. Existing System 3. 5. Disadvantage 3. 6. Proposed System 3. 7. Advantage of the Proposed System 3. 8. Problem Definition and Description 3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 4. 9. Package Selected 4. 10. Resources Required 4. 11. Feasibility Study 4. 12. 1. Operational Feasibility 4. 12. 2. Technical Feasibility 4. 12. 3. Economic Feasibility 4. 12. Functional Requirement 4. 13. Non Functional Requirement 4. 14. Use Case 4. 15. Sequence Diagram 4. 16. Project Scheduling . SYSTEM DESIGN 5. 17. Process Diagram 5. 18. Entity Relationship 5. TESTING 6. 19. Testing 6. 20. 4. Unit Testing 6. 20. 5. Integration Testing 6. 20. 6. System Testing 6. CONCLUSION 7. 20. Summary of the Project 7. 21. Future Work INTRODUCTION Introduction about the Project Nowadays technology has reached its highest level and is in the phase of developing more with the new innovations. Student’s Information System (SIS) is an important aspect of any educational institute. The information about the student’s overall performance is important as to generate student’s progress report.Still different colleges record student’s performance report on the paper. Although records can be recorded on the paper manually, but this process is time consuming activity. With the a dvancement of technology, computerized techniques are more useful and consume less time compared to paper work. Hence computerized techniques should be used in colleges to record and access student’s data which is more effective and efficient to use. The Student Information System is aimed to computerize the record keeping system as to make the job easier for the college administrators. 1. 2 ObjectivesThe main objective of this project is to develop software that helps in easy access of the information about the student, their overall performance in one click. Our system is focused to make a web based SIS which makes the work of measuring student’s performance easier and efficient. The main intention is to provide a system with suitable efficiency and accuracy while maintaining its main objective to access student’s performance report. * Ensures that end users have input the design process. * Accomplish project goals and objective within defined budget and time parameters. To implement a computer based program as to make the work effective and efficient. Scope of the Project As discussed above this project is based on developing software that is capable of finding student’s performance report. The system will be able to show student’s performance report. This system will help to reduce the effort to record the entire student’s performance data in files. This system will save time and increase efficiency. This project is purely based on the research and along with the study and requirement of this project in academic field. 2. SYSTEM STUDY 2. 1 Existing SystemThe existing system of managing SIS in the college is based on the file recording system. The recording method of this system is totally based on file system and the data about the students are recorded in a file and to search the performance graph about a student the files are to be searched according to the student’s semester. 2. 2 Disadvantage The existin g system is very time consuming and is not effective as it is based on the file recording system. To search one student’s report all the existing files are to be searched. Modification and updating process is hazard, which is time consuming and inefficient. . 3 Proposed System The system we are about to make is a web based system dealing with the Student Information System. Particularly it is based on the activities related to the recording and accessing the student’s performance report. The proposed system is a computerized system which will be much more effective than the filing system. 2. 4 Advantage of the Proposed System As the system is a computerized system, it will reduce the effort to record the student’s progress report on the files. It will also save time in recording, managing and accessing the student’s data. 2. 5 Problem Definition and DescriptionIn any academic institute student’s information is an important aspect as it is related t o the institute and the student studying in it. The student’s information about their overall performance in their academic career is essential and it is to be recorded in a proper way, so that the necessary information can be access when required. Our system Student Information System (SIS) is focused make a computerized system that records the student’s performance information. The main intention is to provide a system with suitable efficiency and accuracy while recording, managing and accessing the recorded data along with appropriate speed. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 3. 1 Packages Selected The package used in the development of our system is Java Net Bin. 3. 2 Resources Required 3. 2. 1 Hardware Requirement Hardware: PC compatible with a Intel Pentium- III processor RAM: 1-GB RAM Hard disk: 20-GB 3. 2. 2 Software Requirement Operating System: Windows 2000 Professional Software: jdk 1. 7. 0_02, jre 7 Front End: Java Back End: MySQL 3. 3 Feasibility Study We made our estimation on whether the system is able to satisfy the user’s need using the software/hardware technologies being used in the developing the system.We made our study on the basis of cost effectiveness of the proposed system from the business point of view. Considering the time and cost the feasibility study were made and further detailed analysis was done. The study is based on the following: * Whether the system contributed to the main objective of the project * Whether the system can be engineered using current technology and within budget and schedule constraints. 3. 3. 1 Operational feasibility We made our study on the basis of the operational factors of the system. Our system is feasible on the operational environment as well.The users who are going to operate on this system will able to understand the system and can use it easily by some training. 3. 3. 2 Technical feasibility The hardware and software used in this system are easily available in the current technical environment so it is easy to use and feasible with our system. Due to technical feasibility further changes can be performed easily. 3. 3. 3 Economic Feasibility Our system is economically feasible as it is under our budgetary constraints. This system is cost effective because * The tools and technologies used for this system are free for non commercial use. This system provides quality of information and the ease of access to the information required. The system can prove effective and efficient and can establish itself as valuable assets for the one who implements it. 3. 4 Functional Requirement The system provides a web base where a large number of pages are crawled for a particular domain and are stored. The statement of services that our system provides as the systems functional requirements are as follows * The administrator would be able to insert, delete, modify and update the records based on student’s the performance. The system would be able to display all the recorded perfor mance information about the student. 3. 5 Non-Functional Requirements * Usability Our system will provide the web interface to the end users with the optimum user- friendliness so that they can get accustomed while operating the system. * Reliability The system developed will be able to meet the expectations of the user as well as, it would be reliable to matchup with the existing products * Performance Our system shall return the matched documents from its web base within considerable amount of time. Security Our system provides a web interface, so in order to make the system secure, any user needs to get authenticated. This would help the system be free from spamming and other kinds of attacks. 3. 6 Project scheduling | Gantt Chart| | | | | Days| 1-5 days| 6-10 days| 11-15 days| 16-20 days| 21-25 days| 26-30 days|   | | | | | | | Activities| | | | | | | Planning|   | | | | |   | Feasibility study| |   |   | | |   | System analysis| | |   |   | |   | System design | | |   |   | |   | Coding| | |   |   |   |   | Testing| | |   |   |   |   |Implementation|   |   |   |   |   |   | The above Gantt chart represents the activities conducted by our team members and the days required to complete all the activities. The activities performed were planning which required five days, feasibility study which required ten days from day 6 to day 15, database design, and interface design required ten days from day 11 to day 20, coding would require ten days, testing would require five days from days and lastly implementation would also require five days from days.As this project is based on the design of the Student Information System, coding system testing and implementation was not conducted but duration was separated for these activities as well. 4. SYSTEM DESIGN 4. 1 System Design 4. 2 Design Description 4. 2. 1 Use Case The use case defines a goal oriented set of interaction between external actors and the system under c onsideration. Actors are parties outside the system that interact with the system. In SIS actors are the users. Use case diagram of Student Information System Insert records Delete recordsUpdate records Search required record View records record Administrator User 4. 2. 2 Sequence diagram for â€Å"Student Information System† 2. Accept password 1. Enter Password Display System Information System Login System 3. System Access 4. Display Record 5. Display require information to the user User Fig: Sequence Diagram for Student Information System 4. 2. 3 Architectural Process Diagram Fail Pass Add Delete Edit Edit Delete Submit Exit Report Action Exit Operation Performance Info Student Info Student Informationon 4. 3 Entity Table: Table name: StudentAttributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| S_Id| Integer| 20| Primary Key| S_name| Varchar| 20| -| S_semester| Integer| 20| -| S_phone| Integer| 20| -| Table name: Result Attributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| S_name| Varchar| 20 | -| S_marks| Integer| 20| -| Table name: Login Attributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| Username| Varchar| 20| -| Password| Varchar| 20| -| Time| Varchar| 20| -| Table name: Administrator Attributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| Admin_Id| Integer| 20| Primary key| Admin_name| Varchar| 20| -| 4. 4 Entity DiagramStudent S_name S_Id S_phone S_semester Fig 4. 3. 1. Entity diagram for student Result S_name Marks Fig 4. 3. 2. Entity diagram for result Username Password Time Login Fig 4. 3. 3. Entity diagram for login Admin_Id Admin_name Admin Fig 4. 3. 4. Entity diagram for Admin 4. 4. 1 ER-Diagram of â€Å"Student Information System† Login Admin Student Result Attend Performs Records Performs 4. 5 Context Diagram: Update info Marks Student details Administrator Student information system Student Id Semester result Student Login details 5. TESTING 5. 1 TestingOur system has been tested throughout the design of the system. As testing is important part of the system developmen t process, we have tested the system throughout the design phase rather than testing the system after the complete development. The following tests are to be done during the system development 5. 1. 1. Unit Testing We will have to test each and every small units of our system. The source code of our system would be divided into modules, which in turn would be divided into small parts called units having their specific behavior.From the unit testing we will come to know if the combination of the units leads to the fulfillment of the software requirements or not. 5. 1. 2. Integration Testing In this testing we will combine the modules and test it as a group. Modules would be typically code modules, individual applications, client server application in the network, etc. Integration testing follows unit testing and precedes system testing. 5. 1. 3. System testing As there are the possibilities of different unexpected errors to occur after integration so the system testing would be done. The system would be tested to check whether it met its requirements and ensure the known and predictable results. System testing would be based on the process description, emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points. 6. CONCLUSION 6. 1 Summary of the Project Managing student’s performance information is a very important activity of any educational institute. This project is aimed to develop a computerized Student Information System that helps to make recording and accessing the information easy and effective. Subsequent numbers of lectures were reviewed before starting the project.Then further steps were taken such as system study, system’s feasibility and many others considerations. Though the system needs some improvements and future enhancement is also a challenging task, the overall outcome of the project is expected in its design considerations. Enormous knowledge has been gained throughout the project. The importances of background research, syste m study, requirement analysis different methodologies were learnt. Also implementing techniques, testing have been exercised. Thus we hope our system provides appropriate nformation to the users according to the chosen service and would help to reduce unnecessary time managing the repots on the paper. 6. 2 Future Work Our Student Information System has many aspects that can be upgraded with future works. There are different future possibilities that the system can enhance its features in terms of the technology and design. In order to make even more effective and efficient use of the system the user interface can be developed in a more interactive way and technological changes can be made. As per the time, knowledge and necessity the system scan be made better in future.

How to Write Environmental Studies and Forestry Essay Successfully Expert Guide

How to Write Environmental Studies and Forestry Essay Successfully Expert Guide Introduction to the Topic The writing of various essays accompanies each student almost throughout the entire course of studies at the college and university and is an indispensable tool for consolidating and developing the knowledge gained during the educational process. An essay can have many goals, but its basic structure remains unchanged. You can write an essay in order to justify some point of view or explain the steps that should be taken to perform a specific task. If you follow several simple steps, you will see that writing an essay takes place almost in itself, and this process causes no difficulties. You will just need to insert ideas, which are the most important part of an essay. So, an important part of such work is strict adherence to an appropriate instruction. One version of such a document is this manual. What Is Environmental Studies and Forestry Essay? At each stage of learning, you study a variety of topics related to environmental issues and forestry. The natural is the fact that the theory stated in textbooks is not enough for a full understanding and consolidation of the material. In addition, you will probably want to explore some topics deeper and in more detail or put on paper your own thoughts on the work that has already been done. In a general sense, this is an essay that is an authors composition written with the use of primary and secondary sources, as well as research articles and additional materials. As a rule, it has a rather free structure and is not big by a number of words. In particular, environmental science and forestry essay is characterized by several features. For example, it must necessarily indicate a specific topic or question that you have been studied or are currently taking in the course of environmental studies and forestry. The essay cannot simultaneously include several thematic ideas that do not o verlap. Also, the content of such a paper is used to assess the authors personality primarily, that is, his/her worldview, thoughts, and feelings, despite the fact that the use of additional literature and research works of other writers is often necessary. In general, environmental science and forestry essay on a particular topic can be classified in the following areas: descriptive, narrative, critical, reflexive, analytical, and so on. The choice of direction will depend on the topic of the essay and the requirements set by the instructor. Tips on Preliminary Notes: Meet Effective Note Taking Methods Preliminary notes play an important role in preparation for writing environmental studies and forestry essay. It is the first point that you should remember as soon as you begin to learn a new topic. Preliminary notes are a versatile tool that will help you to overcome any barriers and difficulties with ease while writing an essay. In this regard, if you start to consider another topic on environmental studies and forestry, you should simultaneously keep a brief record. What is the meaning of these notes and what benefit do they have in themselves? The main role of preliminary notes is the creation of a mini-summary of the topic under study. They are one of the cheat sheet options that you can open at any time to refresh your memory and remember the key points. With the help of preliminary records, you can select those topics that interest you most or those that you consider important. Most likely, we can say that they can be used later in writing your environmental studies and forestry essay. For example, when studying forest ecology, you can focus on the unique ecological processes taking place in the forest zone. You can conduct preliminary notes using a specific structure in order to systematize your knowledge or highlight specific topics. For example, you can conditionally divide your notebook into several sections: environment, environmental issues, problems and opportunities in the field of forestry, environment, and development, and so on. This structuring will help you to make entries in the desired section and then use the recorded key points depending on the topic of the essay. In the preliminary notes, you can state the conclusions for each topic covered, which is a necessary action for the subsequent presentation of them in the essay. Finally, the preliminary records are a huge platform for presenting your own opinions on the topic studied, your vision of the situation, the options for solving it, or other authorial information. For example, you heard the following statement: ensuring timely, reliable and accurate information on forests and forest systems is critical for raising public awareness and making informed decisions and therefore should be encouraged. At this point, you may wonder what information systems in the field of environmental studies and forestry can be the most optimal, affordable and realizable? In the future, you can explore this question further and include it in your essay. How do I make preliminary notes properly? When attending classes, you should always have at hand any recording tool, such as a notebook, or a laptop PC. Do not rely on your memory, as you can miss important moments. Take notes on each topic, so either of them can serve you like an essay base. Do not write a lot. Preliminary notes should be kept in the form of key points and brief records. Selecting a Topic for the Environmental Studies and Forestry Essay First of all, it is necessary to understand that there are two ways of choosing a topic. Namely, the instructor either gives you a specific topic or suggests you choose it yourself. If you do not have the right to choose a topic on your own, then you should consider the following features: You need to understand what kind of work the instructor expects to see a review, an in-depth analysis, a critical essay, or something else; Depending on the classification of the essay, you should be convinced of the specifics of the topic; It is important to know whether the essay should be your personal response or reflection on a specific topic, or you should use additional literature and previous studies; Direct choice of the topic (if the instructor did not explicitly indicate it) should be conducted as follows: Use your preliminary notes to remember everything that you have studied on this topic; Review your records that reflect your interest in a particular area of environmental studies and forestry; Correctly formulate your theme and specify it. A mandatory item is your sincere interest in the chosen topic. Otherwise, the result of your work will be a boring and inexpressive review. Example of choosing a topic Let’s say that within a month (a week, a few days, and so on) you studied the following topics: General Introduction to Environmental Studies and Forestry; National Policy in the Field of Forest Resources; Aspects of Environmental Protection; Types of Forests; Rational Use of Forest Resources. In addition to the names of these topics, you have preliminary entries that reflect the characteristics of each of these areas. That is, by studying the listed variations, you marked those that were most interesting for you and recorded any of your reflections or more narrow questions. For example, non of Non-Waste Technologies of Wood Processing. Key Points of Environmental Studies and Forestry Essay If you want your essay to turn out to be logically built, interesting and reflect the selected topic consistently, then it should include the three basic points the introduction, the main body, and the conclusion. Introduction. The introduction should be formulated in such a way as to attract the readers attention and give a clue of the basic idea of your environmental studies and forestry essay. It is better to start with something that immediately draws attention or accentuates the relevance of the issue under consideration. In the same section, you can point out the subject matter of the topic, explain why it is being considered, and give a brief summary of the problem under study. A mandatory part of the introduction is the thesis statement, which (unless the essay has its unique structure) should be delivered in the last sentence of this section. It involves a short text, in which the author sets out his/her main idea or assumption, which he/she will support throughout the paper. For example, non-waste technologies for processing wood can significantly reduce deforestation and contribute to the recovery of forests. The main body. In the main part of the environmental studies and forestry essay, all preparation comes to a climax. Now you must explain and describe the topic that you have chosen, as well as give all the necessary justifications and evidence. One of the components that will help you to perform this task is your preliminary records. You can start by reviewing the literature on the selected topic (if your environmental studies and forestry essay is not a free composition). For this purpose, explore a variety of studies that have been conducted on the question that interest you, or literature that describes the main ideas and characteristics that support your thesis. Summarize the reviewed work in a few words and refer to its author. Next, you may consider the key issues which relate to your topic in a logical sequence. For example, what is meant by forest resources, what are the problems in this area, what is meant by rational use, what methods of rational use are relevant for today, what technologies are used, and so on. Finally, describe the non-waste technologies of wood processing and its benefits. Each key point must be confirmed by evidence and citations of authors who support your findings. Conclusion. Conclusion creates a sense of completeness. It summarizes thoughts or gives a final look at your topic. An integral part is the confirmation (or refutation) of the thesis stated at the beginning of the paper. For example, in this regard, the use of non-waste technologies of wood processing indeed minimizes the damage caused to forestry and improves the ecological background. All the rest that is necessary for the conclusion is three or four strong sentences, and it is not necessary that they correspond to any specific structure. Just give an overview of the main thoughts (try to change the wording a little, and not copy them from the body text of the essay) or briefly describe your feelings about the topic. Even some story may be useful for completing your environmental studies and forestry essay. Writing and Post-Writing Tips from Our Writers While writing your environmental studies and forestry essay, it is recommended to observe the following tips: Check the sequence of paragraphs. Read them. Which one is the strongest? Perhaps it would be a good idea to start with the strongest paragraph, finish the text with the second strongest, and insert the weakest paragraph in the middle. Whichever sequence you choose, make sure that it is logical. If your environmental studies and forestry essay describes the process, then most likely you will need to adhere to the steps (sequence) that make up this process. Check the instructions for the assignment, namely, whether you have included all the necessary information, whether you answered the question asked, and so on. Be sure to check your essay for spelling, the presence of errors, and the correctness of citations. Proofread the test written. Are there any weaknesses in the essay? Are its sentences smoothly flowing into each other? In conclusion, it is possible to say that the writing of environmental studies and forestry essay contributes to the development of creative and analytical thinking, the ability to present thoughts correctly, and the thinking process in general. Practice in this area, and this will help you to learn how to formulate your words properly, highlight the cause-effect relationships and support your arguments with appropriate evidence and examples from practice!

Myths Declaration of Independence

Myths Declaration of Independence Free Online Research Papers Before we can examine if there are myths surrounding the Declaration of Independence we need to examine under what circumstances Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration (After the Fact pg. 75). By the spring of 1776, the patience of many congressmen had been sorely tried by bitter wrangling over the question of whether or not to declare independence. Many of the legislators thought it nonsensical to fight a war for any purpose other than independence, yet others disagreed. They held out hope for a resolution with England. For month after bloody month Congress had sat on its hands unable to offer a resolution, this angered many including John and Sam Adams of Massachusetts (After the Fact pg. 77). They felt that America was fighting a war it could not win unless it declared independence from Britain. Opposition to Parliament had been growing since it enacted the first American tax, the Stamp Act of 1765. At the First Continental Congress, which met in Philadelphia in September 1774, some delegates wanted to force repeal of Parliament’s repressive measures through a trade embargo. A more conservative faction had pushed for a compromise to provide American representation in Parliament. In the end, Congress adopted the trade boycott, and war had come (US a Narrative History pg. 114-115). The greatest reluctance to engage in Independence came from the middle colonies (After the Fact pg. 76). New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Delaware and in South Carolina, all had long since been drawn into the economic web of the Atlantic world. Before the war, the products of the backcountry- furs, hides and lumber- as well as grain, had moved through New York and Philadelphia to markets in the Caribbean and England. Charleston exported indigo and rice. In return, English-manufactured goods entered the colonies through these ports. Business had flourished during most of the 18th century; in recent years Philadelphia’s merchants had routinely enjoyed annual profits of more than 10 percent (American History pg. 218-219). The great merchants in Philadelphia and New York, who constituted a powerful political force, had other compelling reasons for remaining within the empire. Many relied upon credit supplied by English bankers. The protection afforded to transatlantic trade by the Royal Navy minimized insurance and other overhead costs. Independence, Philadelphia merchant Thomas Clifford asserted in 1775, would â€Å"assuredly prove unprofitable.† The â€Å"advantages of security and stability,† said another, â€Å"lie with . . . remaining in the empire.† But Adams was confident that those who favored reconciliation would be driven inexorably toward independence. In time, he believed, they would discover that London would never give in to America’s demands. Furthermore, he expected that war would transform the colonists’ deep-seated love for Britain into enmity, necessitating a final break (American History pg. 220). On June 11, Congress created a five-member committee to prepare a statement on independence. John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman of Connecticut and Robert Livingston of New York were given until July 1 to complete their work (After the Fact pg. 77). Once again it was to Jefferson that a panel turned, this time for the fateful task of drafting the declaration (After the Fact pg. 79). Jefferson and his colleagues beat the deadline by two days, submitting on June 28 a document that explained and defended independence. By July 1, the final consideration of Lee’s motion to declare independence was taken up. That day’s session, John Adams told a friend in a letter written early that morning would see â€Å"the greatest Debate of all† (American History pg.222). When debate began midmorning on that Monday, Dickinson was first on his feet to make one last speech against independence. Speaking for two hours in the stifling heat of the closed room (windows were kept shut to keep spies from listening in), Dickinson reviewed the familiar arguments: America could not win the war; at best, it could fight Britain to a stalemate, and deadlocked wars often ended in partition treaties in which territory is divided among the belligerents; therefore, after all the killing, some colonies would remain part of the British Empire, while others would pass under the control of France or Spain (American History pg.223). It was John Adams- soon to be christened â€Å"the Atlas of Independence† by New Jersey’s Richard Stockton- who rose to answer Dickinson. Striving to conceal his contempt for his adversary, Adams spoke extemporaneously in subdued tones. Once again, he reviewed the benefits of independence. Although his speech was not transcribed, he surely invoked the ideas he had expressed and the phrases he had used on many another occasion. Breaking ties with Britain, he argued, would ensure freedom from England’s imperial domination; escape from the menace of British corruption; and the opportunity to create a republic based on equality of representation (American History pg.223). Others then took the floor. The speeches stretched past the customary 4 o’clock adjournment and into the evening. The business was â€Å"an idle Mispence of Time,† Adams remarked sourly, as â€Å"nothing was said, but what had been repeated and hackneyed in that Room a hundred Times for Six Months past† (American History pg.223). After the Congress reconvened the next morning, July 2, the delegates cast their momentous votes. Twelve states- the colonies would become states with the vote- voted for independence. Not one voted against the break with Britain. New York’s delegation, which had not yet been authorized by the New York legislature to separate from the mother country, did not vote. Adams predicted that July 2 would ever after â€Å"be solemnized with Pomp and Parade, with Shews, Games, Sports, Guns, Bells, Bonfires and Illuminations from one End of this Continent to the other forward forever more†(After the Fact pg. 78). He was wrong, of course, for July 4, the date that Congress approved the formal Declaration of Independence, would become the commemorative day. Although we celebrate July 4 as the official Independence Day it was not until at least August that all of the members signed the document. So why is it that most Americans think that Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence? If it was a committee of five, what did the others contribute? Surely they had to contribute something. I think that it is easier to accept the fact that it was written by Jefferson and that everyone agreed with him. We have to remember that people have not changed all that much. We know what happens today when a group of opinionated people get together. How long have we been debating health care? So if it was a group effort or if Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence by himself, it was a remarkable achievement in such a short amount of time. Research Papers on Myths Declaration of IndependenceQuebec and CanadaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeDefinition of Export QuotasAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Twilight of the UAW19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaWhere Wild and West Meet

Economic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economic - Research Paper Example Australia remains one of the two countries found in the Asian region with the AAA credit rating. The country’s foreign as well as local currency ratings have remained stable for a long time and this has played a huge role in its AAA rating. It has a very resilient economy and a high government financial capability and strength. These two factors give the country’s economy a low susceptibility to risks and volatility (Pettinger par 7). Based on the nation’s size, diversification, and performance, it has been classified as a country with a strong economy. It does not have significant natural resources but this has been compensated by the well-developed manufacturing and service sector. Australia’s economy has a very favorable long term growth prospects and the diversified economy has helped in reducing the levels of event risks. Denmark is also given AAA credit ratings. The country’s economy is said to be among the most stable in the world. It has a mixed economy that relies on both the available natural resources and the well-developed manufacturing and service sector. Its pharmaceutical industry plays a very huge role in ensuring that the economy grows and remains stable. The maritime industry is also well developed. The third country is Canada. Canada’s ranking has been heavily linked to the trade that takes place between the country and the United States of America. According to Monaghan, more than half of Canada’s exports end up in the United States (par5). It has a well-developed automotive and Service sectors with its banks being ranked amongst the most profitable and stable in the whole world. The coming up of technology firms in various cities has also boosted the economy. Germany has been able to maintain its AAA credit ratings for some times now. Despite the effect of the Euro crisis which almost challenged its rating, the economy remains stable with a high government financial strength. It has a well-built automotive

The impact of Accounting Information System on the audit process Essay

The impact of Accounting Information System on the audit process - Essay Example In the field of accounting and auditing, the performance of functions has a great role in which auditors and accountants should expand their knowledge to adapt to these changes. Accounting information system (AIS) is the new way of preparing and analyzing financial statements in relation to technology advancement (Orwel, n.d.). This newly acquired system does not only end up to the preparation but also it extends up to the auditing process. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of accounting information system (AIS) on the audit process. It is important to know how AIS is affecting the audit process and on the work of the auditors and accountants. The focus is to give an overview, objectives and motivations, and some proposals of the implementation. According to Orwel (n.d.), â€Å"accounting information system (AIS) is a system of records, usually computer based, which combines accounting principles and concepts with the benefits of an information system...† Making the accounting activities with the use of computer makes it easier and time safe, but threats in data collection and data processing should not be ignored for it comes from variety of sources (Beard & Wen, 2010). Decision makers should have a control on the system so that threats can be avoided. Enormous amount is needed in the implementation of AIS, it is quite expensive for those small enterprises but the benefits can surpass the amount of investment (Salehi, et al., 2010, p.188). On the other hand, the appropriateness of financial information produced by an accountant is being examined by an auditor, either by operational, internal or compliance. It is the role of auditing to objectively evaluate the entries based on established criteria before the results are given to the interested users (Kelechi, 2007, p.14). The information subject for audit process is now computerized that is why auditors are disturbed whether the information in the system is reliable for